Application of Vertical Electrical Soundings to Characterize Aquifer Potentials and Subsurface Interpretation in Njikoka and Environs, Anambra State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1776Keywords:
VES, Resistivity, IPI2WIN, Thickness, Water Table Depth, Depth Below The Water Table And Depth From Mean Sea LevelAbstract
Purpose: Geophysical exploration for water table characteristics were carried out in six (6) communities of Njikoka and environs through which water table depth, depth below the water table, thickness of the saturated zone, depth with reference to mean sea level (MSL) and types of aquifer were deduced. The proven geoelectric sections of the study area based on resisitivity from the subsurface and electrical log which confirmed that depth to water table of Njikoka and environs could range from 15 m - 100 m. Depth below the water table in the study area ranged 40 m (around Nimo, Enugu Agidi) to 200 m (Ifitedunu, Ukpo) while the thicknesses of the saturated zones (aquifers) varies from 25 m to 160 m within the respective communities. Depths to Mean Sea Level were delineated to range from - 20 m to - 198 m as obtained from the difference in the water table depths and the heights above sea level which is the elevations.
Methodology: Subsurface geophysical exploration was employed in the research of groundwater availability of Njikoka and environs. Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding which is the subsurface geophysical method was carried out only on two locations in each of the communities. The geophysical investigation was made with Earth Resistivity equipment
Findings: From the revealed results the study area is dominated with low land topography and prominently composed of unconfined with less cases of confined aquifer as a result of the geological settings of the study area.
Downloads
References
Adeigbe, O.C., and Salufu, A. E. (2009). Geology and Depositional Environment of Campano-
Maastrichtian Sediments in the Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria: Evidence
from Field Relationship and Sedimentological Study. Earth Sciences Research
Journal, Vol. 13 No. 2.
Akhter, G. and Hasan, M. (2016). Determination of aquifer parameters using geo-electrical sounding and pumping test data in Khanewal district, Pakistan. De Gruyter opens Geoscience.
:630 - 638].
Anizoba, D.C., Chukwuma, G.O. and Chinwuko, E.C. (2015). Determination of Aquifer
Characteristics from Geo-electrical Sounding data in parts of Anambra State, Nigeria.
International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies ISSN 2028-9324, Vol. 11.
No.4.pp.832-843.
Aweto, K.E., and Akoborie, I.A. (2014). Estimating aquifer parameters with geoelectric sounding: Case study from the shallow Benin Formation at Orerokpe, Western Niger Delta, Nigeria. British journal of applied science and technology. [6(5):486 - 496].
Benkhelil, J. (1989). The origin and evolution of Cretaceous Benue Trough (Nigeria). Journal of African Earth Sciences. [8, 251 - 282].
Burke, K.C., 1996. African Plate. South African Journal of Geology. [66, 341 - 409].
Corriols, M. and Dahlin, T. (2008). Geophysical Characterization of the Leon-Chinandega Aquifer. Hydrogeology. [16 (2): 355].
Chinwuko A. I., Anakwuba E. K., Okeke H. C., Onyekwelu C. U., Usman A. O., Osele C. E. and Iheme O. K. (2016). Assessment of Hydrogeophysical and Geotechnical Properties in Central Part of Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal of Geophysics and Geochemistry. 3 (2) pp. 6-13.
Dor N, Syafalni S, Abustan I, Rehman MTA, Nazri AA, Mostafa R, Mejus L (2011). Verification of surface groundwater connectivity in an irrigation canal using geophysical, water balance and stable isotope approaches. Water Resource Manage 25:2837-2853.
Eboagu, N. C., Ajiwe, V. I. E., Ochiagha, K. E., and Odidika, C. (2020) Elemental assessment of borehole waters in Njikoka Local Government Area of Anambra state, Nigeria. Anachem Journal 2020 vol. 10(1) 1881- 1891.
Egboka, B.C.E. and Onyebueke, F.O. (1990). Acute Hydrogeological problems vis-a-via planning and management in a developing economy. A case study of the establishment of aquifer parameters using Enugu Area. [(2): 43-55].
Egboka, B.C.E., Nwankor, G.I and Orajaka, I.P (1990). Investigations of Paleo and Neotectonics in Gully Erosion-prone Areas of Southeastern Nigeria. Natural Hazards. Vol. 3, pp. 219-231.
Emenike, E.A. (2001). Geophysical Exploration for groundwater in a sedimentary environment: a case study from Nanka over Nanka Formation in Anambra Basin, Southeastern, Nigeria. Global Jour. of pure and applied Sciences, [7 (1): 56].
Ernston, K., and Kirsch R. (2006). Geoelectrical methods. In: Kirsch R, editor., Groundwater geophysics a tool for hydrogeology. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany.
Pp. 85-117.
Ezeh, C.C. (2012). Hydrogeophysical studies for the delineation of potential groundwater zones in Enugu state, Nigeria. Int. Res. J. Geol. Min. [2(5): 103-112].
Ezeigbo, H.I. and Ozoko, D.C. (1989). An Evaluation of the Water Resources of Nsukka and environs, Anambra State, Nigeria. Water Resources Journal of Nigeria Association of Hydrogeologists Vol. No. 2. pp. 20-25.
Fairhead, J.D. and Green, C.M. (1989). Controls on rifting in Africa and the regional tectonic model for the Nigeria and East Niger rift basins. Journal of African Earth Sciences. [8, 231 - 249].
Jupp, D.L.B, and Vozoff, K. (1975). Joint inversion of geophysical data. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society. 42: pp. 977-991.
Kogbe, C. A. (1989). The Cretaceous Paleocene Sediments of Southern Nigeria. In C. A. Kogbe
(Ed.), Geology of Nigeria (pp. 320-325). Jos: Rock View Ltd.
Louis. I., Karantonis, G., Voulgaris, N and Louis, F. (2004). Geophysical methods in the determination of aquifer parameters: The case of Mornos river delta, Greece. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment [18(4):41-49].
Mazac, O., Cislerova, M. and Vogel, T. (1988). Application of geophysical methods in describing spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity in the zone of aeration. Journal of Hydrology. [103: 117-126].
Murat, R.C. (1972). Stratigraphy and Paleogeography of the Cretaceous and lower Tertiary in Southern Nigeria, In T.F.J. Dessauvagie and A.J. Whiteman, eds., African Geology: Univ. Ibadan Press, [251 - 266].
Nwajide, C.S., (1979). A Lithostratigraphic analysis of Nanka sands, Southern Nigeria. Journal of
Mining and Geology vol. 16, pp. 103 - 109.
Nwajide, C.S. (1990). Cretaceous sedimentation and paleogeography of the Central Benue Trough,
The Benue Trough Structure and Evolution, Fredrick, Vieweg and John,
Braunchweig / Weisbaden. Ofoegbu, C.O. (Ed.) [19 - 38].
Nwozor K.K. and Egboka B.C.E (2007). Geophysical exploration for groundwater resources in
some satellite communities in Awka capital territory, Anambra State, Nigeria. Natural and
Applied Sciences Journal [8(1):85-91].
Obi, G.C., Okogbue, C.O. and Nwajide, C.S. (2001). Evolution of the Enugu Cuesta: a tectonically driven erosional process. Global Journal of Pure Applied Sciences [7, 321 -330].
Okoro, E.I., Egboka B.C.E. and Onwuemesi, A.G.(2010). Evaluation of the aquifer characteristics of Nanka Sand using hydrogeological method in combination with Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). J. Appl. Sc. Environ. Manage, June, 2010 Vol. 14(2) 5 - 9.
Onyekwelu C.C., Onwubuariri, C.N., Mgbeojedo, T. I., Al-Naimi. L. S., Ijeh, B. I., and Agoha,
C. C.(2021). Geo-electric Investigation of the groundwater potential of Ogidi and
environs, Anambra State, South-eastern Nigeria. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and
Production Technology. DOI: 10.1007/s13202-021-01119-z.
Onu, F. K. (2017). The Southern Benue Trough and Anambra Basin, Southern Nigeria: A Stratigraphic Review. Journal of Geography, Environmental and Earth Science International 12(2):1-16, Article no. JGEESI.30416 ISSN:2454-7352.
Onyenweife, G. I., Nwozor, K. K., Onuba, L. N., Nwike, I.S. and Egbunike, M. I. (2020).
Estimation of Aquifer Parameters in Awka and Environs, Anambra State, Nigeria,
using Electrical Resistivity Method International Journal of Innovative Scientific and
Engineering Technologies Research 8(4):1-29, Oct.-Dec., 2020. ISSN: 2360-896X.
Onwuemesi, A.G. and Egboka, B.C.E. 2006. 2-D Polynomial curve fitting techniques on water table and hydraulic gradients estimations in parts of Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria. Natural and Appl. Sci. J.7, nos. 1 & 2, pp. 6-13.
Unozor, I. R., Onwuemesi, A. G., and Egboka, B.C.E., (2013). Geo-Electric Investigation for
Groundwater Occurrence in Some Parts of Orumba North and South Local
Government Areas of Anambra State, Nigeria. An M.Sc. thesis in Department of
Geological Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Onyenweife G. I
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
