Enhancing Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion through Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration in Central Rift, Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.3161Keywords:
Gender, Decision-making, Time Use, Responsibilities, Economic EmpowermentAbstract
This paper examines how World Vision’s project “Central Rift Farmer-Managed Natural Regeneration Scale-up project (CRIFSUP)” carried out between 2017 and 2021 used Gender Equality, Disability and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) approach and transformation power relations among farmers. The Study areas were Ndabibi in Nakuru County, Marigat in Baringo County, and Ng’oswet in Elgeyo Marakwet. Methodology adopted was mixed method approach and data collected using collective brainstorming sessions with communities, key informant interviews, Household questionnaire, focused group discussions for adults and children, and observation. Purposive sampling was employed to identify farmers to participate in focus group discussions and key informants. Apart from examining the field reports on this project, this study reviewed secondary related literature. The theory of change and agency and employed to how the implementation of FMNR created a conducive environment for the transformation of gender, disability and social inclusion. Enhancement of gender, disability and social inclusion is traced by examining the changes that transpired between the time the baseline report was conducted, CRIFSUP GESI Report and the end of term report. The focus is on decision making, time use, roles, responsibilities and economic empowerment. The findings showed that the time spent on collecting firewood was reduced to 30 minutes. Energy saving measures such as jikos and biogas were introduced by CRIFSUP. Savings for transformation groups enabled women and people with disabilities to access resources that enabled them to diversify their roles and engage in income generating activities such as bee keeping. However, mainstreaming gender, disability and social inclusion considerations has been partially successful, for instance land ownership and access is still heavily weighted towards men and this affects women access and use of trees. This influences the time women spend to look for firewood.
Downloads
References
Angula, M.N., Mogotsi, I., Lendelvo, S., Aribeb, K.M., Iteta, A., M., Thorn, J.P.R. (2021) Strengthening Gender Responsiveness of the Green Climate Fund Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Programme in Namibia. Sustainability, 13, 10162, https://doi.org
Chomba, S. Fergus Sinclair, F. Savadog, P., Bourne, M and Lohbeck, M. (2020) Opportunities and Constrains for Using Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration for Land Restoration in Africa in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Volume 3 | Article 571679, www.frontiersin.org
De Siqueira, L.P., Tedesco, A.M., Meli, P., Diederichsen, A. and Brancalion, P.H.S. (2021) Gender inclusion in ecological restoration, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13497
Dhillon, L. and Vaca, S. (2018) Refining Theories of Change in the journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, Vol. 14, Issue 30, https://assets.ctfassets.net
Gann, G., D., McDonald, T., Walder, B.,Aronson, J., Nelson C.,R.,Jonson, J.,Hallet, J.,G.,Eisenberg ,C., Guariguata, M., R., Liu, J., Hua, F., Echeverria, C., Gonzales, E., Shaw, N.,Decleer, K.,Doxon, K. W. (2019) International Principles and Standards for the Practice of Ecological Restoration, Journal of the Society for Ecological Restoration, https://doi.org
Gibson,M,(2001),Gender and agency: Reconfiguring the subject in feminist and Social Theory in Journal of Sociology, go.gale.com
Huyer, S., Elizabeth Simelton, E., Chanana,N, Mulema,A.,A., Edwige, A., A.,(2021) Expanding Opportunities: Scaling Up Gender and Social Inclusion in Climate-Resilient Agriculture: An Equality and Empowerment Approach, ACCRA Information Note.
Ingutia, R. and Sumelius J. (2022) Determinants of Food Security Status with Reference to Women in Rural Kenya, Science Africa, 15, www.elsevier.com
Kandel, M., Anghileri, D., Rahinatu, S., A., Peter, N., Lovett, P. N., Agaba, G., Addoah, T., Schreckeberg, K. (2022) Farmers’ Perspectives and context are Key for the Success and Sustainability of Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) in Norrth Eastern Ghana, World Development 158, 106014
Lotsmart N. F. (2008) Gender Roles and practices in natural resource management in the North West Province of Cameroon, Local Environment, 13:5, 461-475, Doi: 10.1080/13549830701809809
Lovell, Emma (2021) Gender Equality, Social Inclusion and Resilience in Malawi, Overseas Development Institute, https://odi.org
Macura, B., Foggitt, E., Liera, C., Soto, A., Orlando, A., (2023) Systemic Mapping of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in WASH Interventions: Knowledge clusters and Gaps, BMJ Global Health. https://gh.bmj.com
Marigi, S.N., (2017) Climate Change Vulnerability and Impact Analyses Kenya Institute for Metrological Training and Research Kenya, American Journal of Climate Change, Vol. 6, No.1
McNay, L., (2000) Gender and Agency: Reconfiguring the Subject in Feminist and Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity Press, https://download.e-bookshelf.de
Ojuok, I. and Ndayizigiye, T. (2021) Women Participation in Farmer Managed Natural Regenaration for Climate Resilience: Laisamis, Marsabit County Kenya in Africa, Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, https://link.springer.com
Serrat, O., (2013) A Guide to Theories of Change, Asian Development Bank, [PDF] cornell.edu
Paola, P.G. (2017) Equality in Decision-Making Positions: The Efficiency Gains, Intereconomics, Volume 52, No. 1 • pp. 34–37, https://www.intereconomic.ed
Rubiano-Matulevich, E. and Ciollaz, M. (2019) Gender Differences in Time Use: Allocating Time Between the Market and the Household, Policy Research Working Paper 8981, World Bank Group Gender Global Theme. https://www.researchgate.net
Tanui-Too P., and Chelang’a J., (2021) Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women and Girls in African Habitat Review, Pgs. 13-21, http://uonjournals.uonbi.ac.ke
Rao, N., Lawson E.T., Raditloaneng, W. N., Solomon, D., Angula, M. N. (2017) Gendered vulnerabilities to climate change: insights from the semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia Climate and Development, Vol. 11, No. 1, 14–26, https://doi.org
Valdivia, C. and Gilles, J. (2001) Gender and resource management: Households and groups, strategies and transitions in Agriculture and Human Values 18: 5–9, 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands, researchgate.net
World Vision Kenya (2021), Report on Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Study for Central Rift Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration Scale-up Project (CRIFSUP), Move on Afrika Ltd, Nairobi, www.moveonafrika.org
Visser, J. and Wangu, J, (2021) Women’s Dual Centrality and Food Security Solutions: The Need for a Stronger Gender Lens in Food System Transformation, Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, Vol. 3, www.sciencedirect.com
World Vision (2018) CRIFSUP Baseline Report, unpublished.
World Vision, (2021) End Term Evaluation Report, unpublished
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Prisca Tanui Too, Michael Aiyabei Chesire, Charles Kigen, Janet Korir, Carol Munini Munyao
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.