The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on the Mental Health and Well-Being of Transgender and Non-Binary Individuals in Bangladesh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/ijgs.2354Keywords:
Gender Stereotypes, Mental Health, Well-Being, Transgender, Non-Binary IndividualsAbstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of gender stereotypes on the mental health and well-being of transgender and non-binary individuals.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: Gender stereotypes negatively impact the mental health of transgender and non-binary individuals, leading to heightened levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Discrimination and marginalization exacerbate feelings of social isolation and low self-esteem among this population. Internalization of negative stereotypes further worsens mental health issues and hinders access to necessary support services. Addressing gender stereotypes is crucial for promoting the well-being of transgender and non-binary individuals and creating inclusive environments that validate their identities.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Minority stress theory, social identity theory, intersectionality theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of gender stereotypes on the mental health and well-being of transgender and non-binary individuals. Apply machine learning and dimension reduction techniques to genomic data to advance the field of precision medicine. Formulate policies and regulations that address privacy and ethical concerns when dealing with sensitive data, such as genomic information and personal text data
Downloads
References
Addis, M. E., & Mahalik, J. R. (2003). Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. American Psychologist, 58(1), 5-14.
Atilola, O., Balhara, Y. P. S., Stevanovic, D., & Avicenna M. (2014). Mental health services in Nigeria: gaps and opportunities. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 10, 133-146.
Atilola, O., Balhara, Y. P. S., Stevanovic, D., & Avicenna M. (2014). Mental health services in Nigeria: gaps and opportunities. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 10, 133-146
Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Swinburne Romine, R. E., Hamilton, A., & Coleman, E. (2013). Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 943-951.
Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Swinburne Romine, R. E., Hamilton, A., & Coleman, E. (2013). Stigma, mental health, and resilience in an online sample of the US transgender population. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 943-951.
Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: A theory of gender and health. Social Science & Medicine, 50(10), 1385-1401.
Crenshaw, K. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 139-167.
Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1984). Gender stereotypes stem from the distribution of women and men into social roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735-754.
Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., Tanis, J., Harrison, J., Herman, J. L., & Keisling, M. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., Tanis, J., Harrison, J., Herman, J. L., & Keisling, M. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., Tanis, J., Harrison, J., Herman, J. L., & Keisling, M. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.
Gureje, O., Lasebikan, V. O., & Kola, L. (2006). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 188(5), 465-471.
Gururaj, G., Varghese, M., Benegal, V., Rao, G. N., Pathak, K., Singh, L. K., Mehta, R. Y., & Ram, D. (2016). National Mental Health Survey of India, 2015-2016: Prevalence, patterns, and outcomes. Bengaluru, India: National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica. (2019). Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019: Percepção do estado de saúde, estilos de vida e doenças crônicas. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE.
James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). The report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality.
James, S. E., Herman, J. L., Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). The report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality.
Jenkins, R., Othieno, C., Okeyo, S., Aruwa, J., Kingora, J., & Jenkins, B. (2013). Health system challenges to integration of mental health delivery in primary care in Kenya"”perspectives of primary care health workers. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 1-11.
Keyes, K. M., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Hasin, D. S. (2010). Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors. Psychopharmacology, 218(1), 1-17.
Lippa, R. A. (2018). Gender, nature, and nurture (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Math, S. B., Srinivasaraju, R., & Indian Psychiatric Society. (2018). Indian Psychiatric Society multicentric study: Morbidity profile and case characteristics of patients admitted in psychiatry hospitals. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(2), 181-188.
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697
Ministry of Health Kenya. (2016). Kenya Mental Health Policy 2015-2030. Nairobi: Ministry of Health.
National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Major depression. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression.shtml
Ndetei, D. M., Khasakhala, L. I., Maru, H. M. M., Mutiso, V., & Ongecha-Owuor, F. A. (2018). Stigma among patients with alcohol use disorders in a rural Kenya clinical sample: a cross-sectional study. African Journal of Psychiatry, 21(1), 1-6.
Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2018). Depressive symptoms and social demographic, stress and health risk behaviour factors in Kenyan college students. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 1-6.
Perez-Brumer, A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Oldenburg, C. E., & Bockting, W. (2017). Individual- and structural-level risk factors for suicide attempts among transgender adults. Behavioral Medicine, 43(2), 108-116.
Rahman, A., Mubbashar, M. H., Gater, R., & Goldberg, D. (2013). Randomised trial of impact of school mental-health programme in rural Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The Lancet, 302(9852), 1026-1032.
Reisner, S. L., White Hughto, J. M., Dunham, E. E., Heflin, K. J., Begenyi, J. B., Coffey-Esquivel, J., & Cahill, S. (2016). Legal protections in public accommodations settings: A critical public health issue for transgender and gender-nonconforming people. The Milbank Quarterly, 94(3), 519-548
Reisner, S. L., White Hughto, J. M., Dunham, E. E., Heflin, K. J., Begenyi, J. B., Coffey-Esquivel, J., & Cahill, S. (2016). Legal protections in public accommodations settings: A critical public health issue for transgender and gender-nonconforming people. The Milbank Quarterly, 94(3), 519-548.
Sakamoto, S., Tanaka, E., & Neichi, K. (2018). Trends in mental health service utilization in Japan. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12(1), 16.
Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., Jackson, P. B., Heeringa, S. G., Williams, D. R., & Myer, L. (2009). Life stress and mental disorders in the South African Stress and Health study. South African Medical Journal, 99(5 Pt 2), 375-382.
Seedat, S., Stein, D. J., Jackson, P. B., Heeringa, S. G., Williams, D. R., & Myer, L. (2009). Life stress and mental disorders in the South African Stress and Health study. South African Medical Journal, 99(5 Pt 2), 375-382.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Testa, R. J., Habarth, J., Peta, J., Balsam, K., & Bockting, W. (2015). Development of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(1), 65-77.
Testa, R. J., Michaels, M. S., Bliss, W., Rogers, M. L., Balsam, K. F., & Joiner, T. (2017). Suicidal ideation in transgender people: Gender minority stress and interpersonal theory factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(1), 125-136.
Testa, R. J., Michaels, M. S., Bliss, W., Rogers, M. L., Balsam, K. F., & Joiner, T. (2017). Suicidal ideation in transgender people: Gender minority stress and interpersonal theory factors. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(1), 125-136.
Thoits, P. A. (1991). Gender differences in coping with emotional distress. In J. Eckenrode (Ed.), The social context of coping (pp. 107-138). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
Tsuboi, S., Yamaoka, K., & Nakamura, Y. (2019). Trends in mood disorders in Japan: Epidemiologic evidence and implications for research and practice. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 65(3), 181-187.
Turban, J. L., King, D., Carswell, J. M., & Keuroghlian, A. S. (2020). Pubertal suppression for transgender youth and risk of suicidal ideation. Pediatrics, 145(2), e20191725.
Turban, J. L., King, D., Carswell, J. M., & Keuroghlian, A. S. (2020). Pubertal suppression for transgender youth and risk of suicidal ideation. Pediatrics, 145(2), e20191725.
White Hughto, J. M., Reisner, S. L., & Pachankis, J. E. (2015). Transgender stigma and health: A critical review of stigma determinants, mechanisms, and interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 147, 222-231.
World Health Organization. (2016). WHO-AIMS Report on Mental Health System in Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/bangladesh_who_aims_report.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Chudar Dheeraj
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
