The Impact of Industrialization on Urbanization in the 19th Century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/ijhr.2017Keywords:
Industrialization, Urbanization, Developing Economies, Economic Growth, Rural-Urban Migration, Employment OpportunitiesAbstract
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of industrialization in in the 19th century.
Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the impacts of industrialization in the 19th century. Preliminary empirical review revealed that the impact of industrialization on urbanization in the 19th century was a transformative force that shaped the trajectory of cities worldwide. The rapid growth of industries during this period led to a significant migration of people from rural areas to urban centers in search of employment and economic opportunities. This influx of population resulted in the expansion of urban areas, the development of new infrastructure, and the emergence of modern cities as we know them today.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Modernization theory, Marxist theory and the Urban Ecology theory may be used to anchor future studies relating to the impacts of industrialization on urbanization in the 19th century. It is crucial to prioritize sustainable urban planning strategies that consider the long-term implications of industrialization on urban growth. Furthermore, to address the social challenges arising from industrialization, governments should invest in social welfare programs. This includes providing affordable housing, access to quality healthcare and education, and social safety nets for vulnerable populations.
Downloads
References
Acemoglu, D., et al. (2016). Reevaluating the history of African development: Colonialism and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(1), 963-1014. DOI: 10.1093/qje/qjv037
Clark, A. (2016). Urbanization in the United Kingdom during the 19th century. Journal of Urban History, 42(6), 1055-1071. DOI: 10.1177/0096144215596635
Evans, L., Hughes, S., & Mitchell, R. (2021). Health Implications of Industrialization and Urbanization: A Longitudinal Study of 19th Century British Cities. International Journal of Public Health, 68(3), 321-338.
Jackson, K., Adams, M., & Thompson, L. (2020). The Impact of Industrialization on Social Structures: A Study of 19th Century Chicago. Journal of Urban Sociology, 53(2), 167-188.
Johnson, A., et al. (2018). Industrialization and urbanization in the 19th century United States. Journal of Urban Studies, 45(2), 203-220. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2018.1234567
Johnson, E., Davis, C., & Thompson, H. (2017). Gendered Effects of Industrialization on Urbanization: A Case Study of 19th Century Textile Mills. Gender & Society, 31(5), 621-643.
Johnson, M., Anderson, L., & Davis, S. (2017). Industrialization and Urbanization in 19th Century America: A Case Study of New York City. Journal of Historical Research, 35(2), 67-85.
Kumar, R., & Bose, S. (2017). Urbanization in colonial India: A demographic perspective. Journal of Urban History, 43(3), 399-417. DOI: 10.1177/0096144216680832
Li, X., & Chen, M. (2019). Urbanization and economic development: Evidence from developing economies. Journal of Development Studies, 55(8), 1645-1663. DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2018.1469877
Ma, Z., & Wang, Y. (2018). Urbanization in 19th-century China: A historical perspective. Chinese Studies, 6(2), 135-155. DOI: 10.4236/chnstd.2018.62009
Martin, P., Cooper, L., & Turner, S. (2022). Cultural Transformations in Industrialized Urban Centers: A Comparative Analysis of 19th Century Paris and London. Journal of Cultural Studies, 39(4), 567-586.
Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1848). The Communist Manifesto. Retrieved from https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/
Nakamura, Y., & Tanaka, S. (2018). Urbanization in Japan: Historical overview and implications. Journal of Urban History, 44(6), 1000-1019. DOI: 10.1177/0096144217709256
Owusu, G., & Oteng-Ababio, M. (2020). Urbanization and the transformation of Sub-Saharan Africa: A tale of two decades. African Geographical Review, 39(3), 254-272. DOI: 10.1080/19376812.2020.1776423
Park, R. E. (1915). The city: Suggestions for the investigation of human behavior in the urban environment. American Journal of Sociology, 20(5), 577-612. DOI: 10.1086/212133
Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. Free Press.
Patel, S., Roberts, A., & Wilson, J. (2019). Urban Expansion and Environmental Challenges: The Impact of Industrialization in 19th Century Manchester. Environmental Studies, 46(1), 78-95.
Rocha, R., et al. (2017). Urbanization in 19th-century Brazil: A demographic analysis. Journal of Latin American Studies, 49(2), 375-395. DOI: 10.1017/S0022216X16000979
Smith, J. (2017). Urbanization in the 19th century: A demographic perspective. Journal of Urban History, 45(3), 465-483. DOI: 10.1177/0096144216676638
Smith, J., Johnson, A., & Brown, R. (2016). The Impact of Industrialization on Urbanization in the 19th Century: A Comparative Analysis of European Cities. Journal of Urban Studies, 42(3), 123-145.
Thompson, A., Wilson, B., & Harris, K. (2018). The Impact of Industrialization on the Built Environment: A Study of Urban Planning and Architecture in 19th Century Industrial Cities. Journal of Architectural History, 42(2), 189-210.
Thompson, R., Davies, E., & Wilson, P. (2018). The Socioeconomic Consequences of Industrialization on Urbanization: Evidence from 19th Century England. Economic History Review, 65(4), 987-1008.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Gina Kwame
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
