Great Game in Central Asia: Humanity at Venture

Authors

  • Dr. Ali Muhammad Bhat

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47604/jdcs.1805

Keywords:

Great Game, New Great Game, Originator, Influence of Great Powers, Regional Players

Abstract

Purpose: Great game, a political attitude adopted by great powers to achieve geo-strategic and geo-economic benefits in the Central Asian and the Caspian region. The main thrush hold of current strategic and economic relations in the region are Afghan crisis. Throughout the nineteenth century, Great Britain was obsessed by the fear that one of the other European powers would take advantage of the political decay of Central Asia. From 18th century till date great powers are vulnerable to bump with each other to have hold on the central Asia. A new force after disintegration of USSR is trying and mending its shoulders to have control over central Asia. This economic hub is politically very important where almost all great powers from British to Russia, US and China have interest prone to collision. In such circumstances other regional states like Saudi Arabi, Iran and Turkey, nuclear states like Indian and Pakistan have sway in the region in order to have major control over the gigantic economic resources which can flow through their countries. This study will try to explore the overall complexity of contemporary strategic and economic relations in Central Asia, but also to identify the main characteristics of these relations, and the most important players and their strategies.

Methodology: The study used desttop literature review. It involves review of existing literature

Findings: The multifarious relations between the great and regional powers having interests in Central Asia work against tide of development instead revived great game. The war against terrorism by US and allies is observe by regional contenders as interference in the region and engaging for cold war. This resulted also to provide another major reason discontinuitiesin Central Asia's future development.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommend that Russia, China, and the United States along with regional contenders have to build strong and trustworthy cooperation in the region.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amin Saikal (2004), Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival, I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, New York, 127, 165

Ahmad Rashid (1998), Taliban, Islam oil and New Great Game in Central Asia, I.B. Tauris, Publishers, London, pp.11-13

Adam Wolfe (2005), "The "˜Great Game' Heats Up in Central Asia," August 3, http://www. pinr. Com /report. Retrieved on 1/7/2018

Ann Scott Tyson (2005), "Russia and China Bullying Central Asia, U.S. Says," Washington Post, July 15, 19

Demetrius C. Boulger, England and Russia in Central Asia, vol. 2, i, ii, 172,185, 229.

Fromkin D (1980), Great Game in Asia. Foreign Affairs 58(4): 936-951.

G. J. Alder (1879), British India's Northern Frontier (1963), pp. xi-xii; David Gillard, The Struggle for Asia 1828-1914 (1977), pp. 1-5

H. W. C. Davis (1920), History of the Blockade: Emergency Departments,55-76; Karl E. Meyer and Shareen Blair Bryssac (1999), Tournament of Shadows: the Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia (Washington, DC, 20-40

J. W. Kaye (1857), History of the War in Afghanistan, rev. ed., vols. 3 77

Kelly D (2000), End of the Great Game: British intervention in Russia's Southern Borderlands and the Soviet response. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 13(4): 84-100.

Lansford T (2002), The Great Game renewed? US - Russian rivalry in the arms trade of South Asia. Security Dialogue 33(2): 127-140.

Peter L. Roudik (2007), The History of Central Asian Republics, Greenwood Press, London, 59

Fatima, Q. (2012). The United States Approach Towards South Asia in Changing Geopolitical Environment (1990-2000). Islamabad: Higher Education Commission; Fatima and Sumera (July - December 2014), New Great Game: Players, Interests, Strategies and Central Asia. South Asian Studies, A Research Journal of South Asian Studies Vol. 29, No.2, 623-652

Peter Hopkrik (1990), The Great Game, on Secret Service in High Asia, John Murray (Publishers) London, p.75

Hopkirk P (2002), The Great Game revisited? Asian Affairs 33(1): Part I. 61

Heartland Geopolitics and the Case of Uzbekistan, E-note, Foreign Policy Research Institute,http://www.fpri.org/enotes/20040125.seiple.mackinderuzbekistan.html

Mackinder, H. J. (1962), The Geographical Pivot of History in Democratic Ideals and Reality. New York: Norton and Company, 261

Scott, M. Alcenat W. (2008), Revisiting the Pivot: The influence of Heartland Theory in Great Power Politics, Macalster College. Retrieved from:https://www.creighton.edu/ fileadmin/user/CCAS/departments/PoliticalScience/MVJ/docs/The-Pivot-AlcenatandScottpdf

Hopkrik, (1990),Op.Cite, 258-260

Kleveman, L. (2004), The New Great Game: Blood and Oil in Central Asia, London. p. 76

Isaacs R. (2016), Geopolitics in Central Asia, Presentation delivered on January 22 at CERIS Brussels.

Verrier, Anthony, Francis (1991), Young Husband and the Great Game, Jonathan Cape, London"¦"¦"¦"¦"¦"¦

Petar Kurecic (2010), The New Great Game: Rivalry of Geostrategies and Geoeconomies in Central Asia, Hrvatski Geografski Glasnik, 72/1, 21 - 48

Mackinder, H. J. (1904), The Geographical Pivot of History, The Geographical Journal, 24/4, 435.

Craig D. Wills (2006), US Air Power, Afghanistan and the Future of warfare: An Alternative View, Air University press, Alabama, 35

Jim Nicole (2003), Central Asia's New States and Political Developments and implication for US Interests, Congress Research Services and The Library services, 6

Nassim Javid (1992), Afghanistan: A Nation of Minorities, The Minority Rights Group, 5

Shamkhal Abilov, The "New Great Game" Over the Caspian Region: Russia, the USA, and China in the Same Melting Pot, Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1

Kleveman, Lutz (2004), The New Great Game: Blood and Oil in Central Asia (New York, Grove, Press, 4.

Kumar, Pankaj (2009), "The Unrealized Dream of Caspian Oil", International Politics, Vol.2, No. 4, Summer& Autumn, 9.

Zeinolabedin, Y., et al. (2009), "Geopolitics and Environmental Issues in the Caspian Sea", Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 2, 116.

Zeinolabedin, Y., et al. (Spring 2011), "The Geopolitics of Energy in the Caspian Basin", International Journal of Environmental Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, 504.

Sasley, Brent (2004), "The Intersection of Geography and Resources: Geopolitics in the Caspian Sea Basin", in Tchantouridze, Lasha, ed., Geopolitics: Global Problems and Regional Concerns (Winnipeg: Centre for Defence and Security Studies, University of Manitoba, 194.

Fouskas, & Bulent (October 2005), The New American Imperialism: Bush's War on Terror and Blood for Oil, USA, Praeger, 29.

Graham E. Fuller (1992), Central Asia: The New Geopolitics, Santa Monica, CA.: RAND, v-vii.

Kevin Smith, (2006)"Defuse Russia's Energy Weapon," International Herald Tribune, (16 January) (New York, http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/01/16/opinion/edsmith.php (accessed on 6/10/2015)

Kaczmarski, Marcin (2006), "Russia Creates a New Security System to Replace the CIS", EURASIA.org,10January;(http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/pp011106.shtml). Accessed on15 August 2017.

Labben, Mazen (2009), "The Struggle for the Heartland: Hybrid Geopolitics in the Transcaspian", Geopolitics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 13.

Smith, Jeff M. (2009), "The Great Game, Round Three", The Journal of International Security Affairs, No, 17, Fall; (http://www.securityaffairs.org/issues/2009/17/smith.php). Accessed on 1 August 2018.

(Strachota, Krzysztof (2002), "Russian Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia", in Bugajski, Janusz ed., Toward an Understanding of Russia; New European Perspectives (New York, the Council on Foreign Relations, 119

Martha Olcott (Spring 1992), "Central Asides Post-Empire Politics," Orbis, 253-268.

Rust,'un Achmedow mid Jttri Sljussarew (1989), Energiewirtschaft, Moscow: APN Verlag, 43-44

Ibid, 40-43

M.E. Ahrari (Summer 1994), "Moscow mad the Middle East: The Future of Strategic Relationships," Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies XVII, 11o. 4 1-19.

Downloads

Published

2023-03-03

How to Cite

Bhat, A. (2023). Great Game in Central Asia: Humanity at Venture. Journal of Developing Country Studies, 7(1), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.47604/jdcs.1805

Issue

Section

Articles