Knowledge, Attitudes and Lifestyle Practices among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at University Teaching Hospital, Butare- Rwanda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.3082Keywords:
Knowledge, Attitudes, Lifestyle Practices, Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, University Teaching Hospital, RwandaAbstract
Purpose: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease related to insulin and is one of the most significant worldwide health problems. In the developing world, the number of people afflicted by type 2 diabetes mellitus continues rising, and carries with it considerable morbidity and mortality. Type 2 diabetes mellitus problems can be avoided or even stopped with behavior adjustment and the adoption of healthy living practices. Nevertheless, the majority of diabetes mellitus patients lack adequate knowledge of and application of healthier lifestyles. Aim of the study is to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding lifestyle modification in type 2 diabetes patients at CHUB.
Methodology: A cross section study was applied with the sample size of 364 participants, almost the half 189(51.9%) of the participants were aged between 41-60 years old. regarding the marital status the majority 246(67.6%) were married. Concerning to education level almost a half 188(51.6%) did primary school only. In this population, 39.8% of the participants were farmers while only 9.1% formal employment. Data collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 26.
Findings: The study found that 98.4% of participants had good knowledge about lifestyle modifications for managing type 2 diabetes, with all 364 participants aware of the importance of health checks and screening. However, 13.2% were unaware that limiting fatty foods contributes to managing the condition. Nearly all participants (98.1%) had a positive attitude towards a controlled diet, and all agreed on the importance of regular exercise to prevent complications. While 12.9% believed traditional healers could cure diabetes, 94.8% followed effective lifestyle practices. Factorial ANOVA revealed significant effects of BMI, marital status, and occupation on lifestyle practices (p<0.001).
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: As recommendations, measures should be taken to maintain and to improve the health promotion about life style modifications to prevent and manage the type two diabetes mellitus and other none communicable diseases.
Downloads
References
Abdulkadir MustefaAdem, B., Tadesse Gebremariam, E., KefaleGelaw, B., Ahmed, M.FromsaSeifu, M.,Mustefa Adem α, A., Tadesse Gebremariam σ, E., KefaleGelaw ρ, B., & χ, T. G. (2014). Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Life Style Modification among Type 2diabetic Mellitus Patients Attending Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc, 14
Amere, L. T., Adesola A, O., Olatade, M. J., Leslie T, D., Magret I, O., &Kaneng Mary, D. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Regarding Lifestyle Modifications Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic At General Hospital, Gbagada, Lagos State. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 10(05), 558–564. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.05.2020.p10164
Abdulkadir Mustefa Adem, B., Tadesse Gebremariam, E., Kefale Gelaw, B., Ahmed, M., FromsaSeifu, M., Mustefa Adem α, A., Tadesse Gebremariam σ, E., Kefale Gelaw ρ, B., & χ, T. G. (2014). Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Life Style Modification among Type 2diabetic Mellitus Patients Attending Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc, 14.
Akanle, O., Ademuson, A. O., & Shittu, O. S. (2020). Scope and Limitation of Study in Social Research. Ibadan University Press
Alaofè, H., Hounkpatin, W. A., Djrolo, F., Ehiri, J., & Rosales, C. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in Cotonou, Southern Benin. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10289-8
Amere, L. T., Adesola A, O., Olatade, M. J., Leslie T, D., Magret I, O., & Kaneng Mary, D. (2020). Knowledge, Attitude And Practices Regarding Lifestyle Modifications Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic At General Hospital, Gbagada, Lagos State. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 10(05), 558–564. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.05.2020.p10164
Atlas, I. D. F. D. (2019). Idf diabetes atlas.
Awadh, A. A., Ibrahim, R. I., Habeeballah, J. H., Gassim, A. F., Alzahrani, S. M., Bogari, H. O., AlGhamdi, A. S., & Khan, M. A. (2023). Knowledge and attitude on the role of lifestyle modifications in the management of diabetes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Expert Review of Endocrinology and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2023.2296618
Boskey, E. (2020). The Health Belief Model. Verywellmind. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1983.tb04047.x
Campagna, D., Alamo, A., Di Pino, A., Russo, C., Calogero, A. E., Purrello, F., & Polosa, R. (2019). Smoking and diabetes: Dangerous liaisons and confusing relationships. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-019-0482-2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). National Diabetes Statistics Report , 2014. In National Diabetes Statistics Report.
CHUB. (2021). CHUB’S NARRATIVE REPORT 2020-2021 (Vol. 7).
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065–2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728
Ellis, E. (2019). Healthful Eating with Diabetes. Academy Nutrition and Diatetics. https://www.eatright.org/health/diseases-and-conditions/diabetes/healthful-eating-with-diabetes ?rdType=url_edit
Emanuele, N. V., Swade, T. F., & Emanuele, M. A. (2016). Consequences of alcohol use in diabetics. Alcohol Research and Health, 22(3), 211–219.
Fridman, M., Lucas, M. E., Dang-tan, T., & Iyer, N. N. (2020). Impact of Weight Change in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : A Literature Review and Critical Analysis. Dove Press Journal:ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, 555–566.
Garedow, A. W., Jemaneh, T. M., Hailemariam, A. G., & Tesfaye, G. T. (2023). Lifestyle modification and medication use among diabetes mellitus patients attending Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma zone, south west Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32145-y
Ghimire, S. (2017a). Barriers to Diet and Exercise among Nepalese Type 2 Diabetic Patients. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2017, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1273084
Hamasaki, H. (2016). Daily physical activity and type 2 diabetes: A review. World Journal of Diabetes, 7(12), 243. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i12.243
IDF. (2019). IDF DIABETES ATLAS. https://diabetesatlas.org/idfawp/resource-files/2019/07/IDF_diabetes_atlas_ninth_edition
Kabeza, C. B., Harst, L., Schwarz, P. E. H., & Timpel, P. (2019). Assessment of Rwandan diabetic patients’ needs and expectations to develop their first diabetes self-management smartphone application ( Kir ’ App ). 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/https
Khaodhiar, L., & Blackburn, G. L. (2019). Nutrition in patients with diabetes. Medscape, 779–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012088393-6/50104-4
Khardori, R. (2021). Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Medscape.
Lean, M. E. J., Leslie, W. S., Barnes, A. C., Brosnahan, N., Thom, G., McCombie, L., Peters, C., Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Al-Mrabeh, A., Hollingsworth, K. G., Rodrigues, A. M., Rehackova, L., Adamson, A. J., Sniehotta, F. F., Mathers, J. C., Ross, H. M., McIlvenna, Y., Welsh, P., Kean, S., … Taylor, R. (2019). Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 7(5), 344–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30068-3
Leslie, W. S., Ford, I., Sattar, N., Hollingsworth, K. G., Adamson, A., Sniehotta, F. F., McCombie, L., Brosnahan, N., Ross, H., Mathers, J. C., Peters, C., Thom, G., Barnes, A., Kean, S., McIlvenna, Y., Rodrigues, A., Rehackova, L., Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Taylor, R., & Lean, M. E. J. (2016). The Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT): Protocol for a cluster randomised trial. BMC Family Practice, 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-016-0406-2
Liu, J., Ren, Z. H., Qiang, H., Wu, J., Shen, M., Zhang, L., & Lyu, J. (2020). Trends in the incidence of diabetes mellitus: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 and implications for diabetes mellitus prevention. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-
Garedow, A. W., Jemaneh, T. M., Hailemariam, A. G., & Tesfaye, G. T. (2023). Lifestyle modification and medication use among diabetes mellitus patients attending Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma zone, south west Ethiopia. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32145-y
Meebunmak, Y., Khamthana, P., Intana, J., & Voraroon, S. (2021). The Relationship Between Stress And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management In Ratchaburi Province , Thailand. PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION, 58, 2112–2116.
Mekonnen, C. K., Abate, H. K., & Tegegne, E. T. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward lifestyle modification among diabetes mellitus patients attending the university of gondar comprehensive specialized hospital Northwest, Ethiopia. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 13, 1969–1977. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S250787
Milibari, A. A. (2020). Prevalence, Determinants and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Arabic Countries: A Systematic Review Study. Health Sciences Journal14, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36648/1791-809X.14.2.701
Mohamed Nor, N., Mohd Shukri, N. A., Mohd Yassin, N. Q. A., Sidek, S., & Azahari, N. (2019). Barriers and enablers to make lifestyle changes among type 2 diabetes patients: A review. Sains Malaysiana, 48(7), 1491–1502. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-18
Mukonka, L., Mukona, D., Zvinavashe, M., Stray-Pedersen, B., Ndaimani, A., & Mhlanga, M. (2019). Factors Related To Non-Adherence To Lifestyle Modification In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 At Harare Central Hospital. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 05(05), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0505047785
Ndayisaba, A., Harerimana, E., Borg, R., Miller, A. C., Kirk, C. M., Hann, K., Hirschhorn, L. R., Manzi, A., Ngoga, G., Dusabeyezu, S., Mutumbira, C., Mpunga, T., Ngamije, P., Nkikabahizi, F., Mubiligi, J., Niyonsenga, S. P., Bavuma, C., & Park, P. H. (2017). Research Article A Clinical Mentorship and Quality Improvement Program to Support Health Center Nurses Manage Type 2 Diabetes in Rural Rwanda. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2657820
Obirikorang, Y., Obirikorang, C., Odame Anto, E., Acheampong, E., Dzah, N., Akosah, C. N., & Nsenbah, E. B. (2016). Knowledge and Lifestyle-Associated Prevalence of Obesity among Newly Diagnosed Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Diabetes Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9759241
Okonta, H. I., Ikombele, J. B., & Ogunbanjo, G. A. (2014). Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding lifestyle modification in type 2 diabetic patients. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v6i1.655
Pardhan, S., Raman, R., Biswas, A., Jaisankar, D., Ahluwalia, S., & Sapkota, R. (2024a). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetes in patients with and without sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy from two secondary eye care centres in India. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17371-3
Pardhan, S., Raman, R., Biswas, A., Jaisankar, D., Ahluwalia, S., & Sapkota, R. (2024b). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of diabetes in patients with and without sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy from two secondary eye care centres in India. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17371-3
Peter, P. I. (2020). a Study of the Knowledge , Attitudes and Practice of Lifestyle Modifications Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending the Outpatient Department of the National District Hospital , Bloemfontein , Free State. University of the Free State.
Peter, P. I., Steinberg, W. J., van Rooyen, C., & Botes, J. (2022). Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ knowledge, attitude and practice of lifestyle modifications. Health SA Gesondheid, 27. https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v27i0.1921
Sadiq, A.-A. A., Hanif, S. M., & Muhammad, D. G. (2021). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers to lifestyle modification among individuals with diabetes mellitus in Kano Nigeria. Adesh University Journal of Medical Sciences & Research, 3(2), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.25259/aujmsr_17_2021
Saeedi, P., Petersohn, I., Salpea, P., Malanda, B., Karuranga, S., Unwin, N., Colagiuri, S., Guariguata, L., Motala, A. A., Ogurtsova, K., Shaw, J. E., & Bright, D. (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045 : Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9 th edition. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 157, 107843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
Salmon, J., Hesketh, K. D., Arundell, L., Downing, K. L., & Biddle, S. J. H. (2020). Changing Behavior Using Ecological Models. The Handbook of Behavior Change, 2015, 237–250. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108677318.017
Sharfaddin, Y. (2016). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Life Style Modification in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Alakwash Polyclinic, Tripoli During 2016. AlQalam Journal of Medical and Applied Sciences, 2707–7179. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4135045
Umeh, A. E., & Nkombua, L. (2018). A study of the knowledge and practice of lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Middelburg sub-district of Mpumalanga. South African Family Practice, 60(1), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2017.1364012
Watson, S. (2021). Everything you need to know about diabetes. Healthline.
Wu, J., Vayaravel Cassinadane, A., Mahbubur Rashid, S. M., Akter, F., Alam, N., Lipi, N., Omar Qayum, M., Nurunnahar, M., & Mannan, A. (n.d.). Knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetes among secondary school-going children in Bangladesh.
Zamani-Alavijeh, F., Araban, M., Koohestani, H. R., & Karimy, M. (2018). The effectiveness of stress management training on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 10(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-018-0342-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Chief Editor; Mr. Rwabuneza Richard, Dr. Rosemary Okova, Mr. Onesmus Marete
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
