The Effectiveness of Disaster Management Policies in Reducing the Impact of Natural Disasters in Canada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/jppa.2897Keywords:
Disaster Management Policies, Natural DisastersAbstract
Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of disaster management policies in reducing the impact of natural disasters.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The effectiveness of disaster management policies in reducing the impact of natural disasters largely depends on several key factors: early warning systems, community preparedness, infrastructure resilience, and coordinated response efforts. Studies indicate that well-implemented policies that prioritize risk assessment, public education, and resource allocation significantly mitigate the damage and loss of life during natural disasters.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Systems theory, social capital theory & vulnerability theory may be used to anchor future studies on the effectiveness of disaster management policies in reducing the impact of natural disasters. Implementing practices that strengthen social capital within communities is essential. Policies should be designed to address the specific vulnerabilities of different population groups. This includes tailoring disaster management strategies to the needs of marginalized communities, women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities.
Downloads
References
Ahmed, S., & Hassan, M. (2019). Coastal defense mechanisms and their effectiveness: A GIS-based evaluation in Indonesia. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(5), 1125-1137.
Aldrich, D. P., & Meyer, M. A. (2015). Social capital and community resilience. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(2), 254-269.
Bewket, W., & Conway, D. (2019). Climate change and food security in Ethiopia: Impacts, adaptation practices and policy implications. Environmental Science & Policy, 93, 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.021
Bewket, W., & Conway, D. (2019). Climate change and food security in Ethiopia: Impacts, adaptation practices and policy implications. Environmental Science & Policy, 93, 91-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.021
Brown, C., Green, M., & Taylor, R. (2023). Climate change and disaster risk management: Emerging challenges and policy implications. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 68, 102784.
Brown, L., Davis, R., & Miller, K. (2020). The impact of early warning systems on disaster outcomes: A case study of Bangladesh. Natural Hazards Review, 21(2), 100-112.
DesInventar. (2019). The Nepal Earthquake 2015: Disaster Overview. Retrieved from https://www.desinventar.net
DesInventar. (2019). The Nepal Earthquake 2015: Disaster Overview. Retrieved from https://www.desinventar.net
DesRoches, R., Comerio, M., Eberhard, M., Mooney, W., & Rix, G. J. (2011). Overview of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 27(S1), S1-S21. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3630129
Field, C. B., Barros, V. R., Mach, K. J., & Mastrandrea, M. D. (2018). Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415379
Filkov, A. I., Ngo, T., Matthews, S., Telfer, S., & Penman, T. D. (2020). Impact of Australia's catastrophic 2019/20 bushfire season on communities and environment. Retrospective Analysis, 2(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-020-00077-0
Gaillard, J. C., & Mercer, J. (2021). From knowledge to action: Bridging gaps in disaster risk reduction. Progress in Human Geography, 47(1), 47-67.
Gebrehiwot, T., van der Veen, A., & Maathuis, B. (2018). Spatial and temporal assessment of drought in the Northern highlands of Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 13(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2011.03.002
Gizzi, F. T., De Marco, S., & Macrì, G. (2018). Central Italy earthquakes 2016: Seismotectonics and seismic impacts. Journal of Seismology, 22(1), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-017-9700-3
Hallegatte, S., Rentschler, J., & Walsh, B. (2018). Building Back Better: Achieving Resilience through Stronger, Faster, and More Inclusive Post-Disaster Reconstruction. World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1190-9
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). (2020). Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Mozambique: Tropical Cyclone Idai. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-020-00156-w
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). (2020). Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Mozambique: Tropical Cyclone Idai. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-020-00156-w
JBA Risk Management. (2017). The UK Flooding of December 2015 and January 2016. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 17(3), 1765-1780. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1765-2017
Johnson, M. (2020). Systems Theory in Disaster Management. Journal of Emergency Management, 18(2), 123-134.
Johnson, M., Smith, D., & Roberts, T. (2023). Wildfire management in Australia: Effectiveness of firebreaks and controlled burns. Fire Ecology, 19(2), 45-59.
Jones, A., & Roberts, L. (2022). Evaluating the effectiveness of disaster response strategies: Lessons from recent natural disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management, 31(1), 112-128.
Kellens, W., Zaalberg, R., Neutens, T., Vanneuville, W., & De Maeyer, P. (2019). An analysis of the public perception of flood risk and flood warning. Risk Analysis, 31(5), 815-829.
Kreibich, H., Bubeck, P., Van Vliet, M., & De Moel, H. (2017). A review of damage-reducing measures to manage fluvial flood risks in a changing climate. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 22(6), 963-989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-016-9714-7
Kumar, P., & Sharma, R. (2018). Evaluating India's National Disaster Management Plan: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28, 68-77.
Kunii, Y., Aoyama, M., & Kimura, T. (2016). Analysis of Economic Damage from the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. Journal of Disaster Research, 11(4), 731-740. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p0731
Li, J., & Zhang, W. (2022). Flood management policies in China: An assessment of integrated water management strategies. Water Resources Management, 36(1), 85-98.
Mamuji, A., & Rozdilsky, J. L. (2019). Wildfire as an increasingly common natural disaster facing Canada: Understanding the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfire. Natural Hazards, 98(1), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03566-6
Mechler, R., Mochizuki, J., & Hochrainer-Stigler, S. (2020). Disaster risk management and fiscal policy: Narratives, tools, and evidence associated with assessing fiscal risk and building resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 11(2), 226-236.
Niang, I., Ruppel, O. C., Abdrabo, M. A., Essel, A., Lennard, C., Padgham, J., & Urquhart, P. (2014). Africa. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (pp. 1199-1265). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415379.002
Niang, I., Ruppel, O. C., Abdrabo, M. A., Essel, A., Lennard, C., Padgham, J., & Urquhart, P. (2014). Africa. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (pp. 1199-1265). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415379.002
Perry, R. W., & Lindell, M. K. (2020). Emergency planning. Wiley Handbook of Extreme Weather Events, 183-202.
Peters, L. E. R., Kelman, I., & Phillips, B. (2019). The 2016 Ecuador earthquake: Lessons for implementing multi-hazard early warning systems. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 36, 101091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101091
Phiri, J., Chipeta, L., & Chanza, N. (2018). Vulnerability and adaptation strategies to climate variability of smallholder farmers in Chikwawa district, southern Malawi. Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 10(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.557
Rahman, M. S., Alam, K., & Hossain, M. A. (2018). Flood disaster and sustainable development of water resources in Bangladesh. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 20(2), 553-574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9911-5
Shah, A. A. (2018). The impact of the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami on Indonesia. Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management, 10(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3850/S1793924018000188
Shibayama, T., Esteban, M., & Matsumaru, R. (2019). Understanding the damage and reconstruction of the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami. Natural Hazards, 97(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3476-9
Smith, A. B. (2020). 2017 US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: a historic year in context. Climatic Change, 148(4), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2258-8
Smith, A., & Stevens, D. (2019). Social Capital and Community Resilience. Disaster Policy Review, 12(3), 45-58.
Smith, A., Brown, B., & Johnson, C. (2019). Community-based disaster preparedness programs: An evaluation of effectiveness. Journal of Emergency Management, 27(3), 200-215.
Smith, J. (2021). Disaster management in the age of climate change: Assessing current policies and future needs. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 23(4), 489-503.
Takahashi, Y., Kato, H., & Sato, M. (2021). The effectiveness of building codes in earthquake resilience: Lessons from Japan. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 50(4), 567-584.
Turner, B. L., Kasperson, R. E., Matson, P. A., McCarthy, J. J., Corell, R. W., Christensen, L., ... & Schiller, A. (2021). Vulnerability theory and its applications in disaster risk management. Global Environmental Change, 28, 1-11.
UN OCHA. (2020). Cyclone Kenneth: Impact and Response Overview. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004410070_019
UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction). (2019). Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. United Nations.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA). (2020). Sudan floods: Situation report. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-020-00156-w
Venkateswaran, K., Kumar, A., & Subramanian, V. (2020). Impact of 2018 Kerala floods on agricultural sector: Special reference to paddy. Journal of Agrometeorology, 22(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.54386/jam.v22i1.424
Yumul, G. P., Cruz, N. A., & Servando, N. T. (2019). Extreme weather events and related disasters in the Philippines, 2004–08: A sign of what climate change will mean?. Disaster Prevention and Management, 19(5), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653561011090420
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ethan Samuel
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.