Effect of Post-Election Violence on the Perfomance of Tourism Industry. A Critical Literature Review

Authors

  • Elizabeth Muturi Mount Kenya University,School of Environmental Science

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47604/ijmht.1362

Keywords:

effect, post-election, violence, performance, tourism industry, Kenya

Abstract

Purpose: A free and transparent electioneering process ideally shuns violence, 21 corruption and other vices encouraging the flourishing of economic activities including tourism leading to a vibrant tourism sector. The general objective of the study was to examine effect of post-election violence on the performance of tourism industry in Kenya.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concluded that election violence affects movement of people within the country, people movements are restricted during the campaigns, local and international members of the fourth estate give prominence to negative news during this period scaring both domestic and international tourist's arrivals and that people prefer staying in familiar places and fear travelling when there is election violence.

Recommendations: The study recommends that the Kenyan security infrastructure should regain civilian confidence: by cultivating citizen-police relations to tame the prevailing account of fear and apathy. This can be worked on and transformed into more justifiable national confidence on the security agencies and a platform created for mutual engagement. This relationship is crucial in helping the security agencies in controlling crime and being able to mitigate the security challenges arising during elections. This way the tourism industry will benefit in terms of enjoying a peaceful environment before, during and after general elections in the country. Once this relationship is built on trust, the police will be able to manage effectively all issues

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Elizabeth Muturi, Mount Kenya University,School of Environmental Science

Purpose: A free and transparent electioneering process ideally shuns violence, 21 corruption and other vices encouraging the flourishing of economic activities including tourism leading to a vibrant tourism sector. The general objective of the study was to examine effect of post-election violence on the performance of tourism industry in Kenya.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study concluded that election violence affects movement of people within the country, people movements are restricted during the campaigns, local and international members of the fourth estate give prominence to negative news during this period scaring both domestic and international tourist's arrivals and that people prefer staying in familiar places and fear travelling when there is election violence.

Recommendations: The study recommends that the Kenyan security infrastructure should regain civilian confidence: by cultivating citizen-police relations to tame the prevailing account of fear and apathy. This can be worked on and transformed into more justifiable national confidence on the security agencies and a platform created for mutual engagement. This relationship is crucial in helping the security agencies in controlling crime and being able to mitigate the security challenges arising during elections. This way the tourism industry will benefit in terms of enjoying a peaceful environment before, during and after general elections in the country. Once this relationship is built on trust, the police will be able to manage effectively all issues

References

Lucy, N. K. W. (2014). An analysis of international tourism demand for Kenya(Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University).

Mburugu, M. M., & Rotich, G. (2015). Factors Influencing the Decline of International Tourists' Arrivals In Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 2(2 (127)), 2137 - 2182

Ngugi, K. W. L. (2014). An Analysis of International Tourism Demand for Kenya. (Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business (Management Science) ), Kenyatta University. Njogu, K. (2014). Citizen Participation in Decision Making: Towards Inclusive Development in Kenya. Nairobi: Twaweza.

Pilapil-Añasco, C., & Lizada, J. C. (2014). Philippine Tourism: Evolution towards Sustainability. SHS Web of Conferences, 12(01032).

Pilar, R. d. V. (2015). What Role of the Private Sector in the Prevention of Election Violence? The Case of Kenya. Paper presented at the The Peacebuilding Platform, Geneva

Rami, K. I., & Ashworth, G. J. (2012). Moving from Pilgrimage to "dark" tourism: Leveraging & the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election:

J. Currey. Truth, K. f. P. w., Justice, & Governance, A. C. f. O. (2010). Reaping the Whirlwind?: The Socio-economic Implications of the 2008 Post-election Violence: Kenyans for Peace with Truth and Justice and Africa Centre for Open Governance. United Nations Environment Programme. (2016).

P. K., Müller-Böker, U., & Sharma, S. R. (2011). Tourism amidst armed conflict: Consequences, copings, and creativity for peace-building through tourism in Nepal. The Journal of Tourism and Peace Research, 1(2), 22-40.

Upreti, B. R., Upadhayaya, P. K., Sapkota, T., Council, P. T., Office, N. N.-S. S. A. R. C., & Research, N. C. f. C. (2013). Tourism in Pokhara: Issues, Trends and Future Prospects for Peace and Prosperity: Pokhara Tourism Council.

von Bergner, N. M., & Lohmann, M. (2014). Future Challenges for Global Tourism A Delphi Survey. Journal of Travel Research, 53(4), 420-432. World Tourism Barometer. (2010, January 1

Downloads

Published

2021-09-05

How to Cite

Muturi, E. . (2021). Effect of Post-Election Violence on the Perfomance of Tourism Industry. A Critical Literature Review. International Journal of Modern Hospitality and Tourism, 1(1), 30 – 43. https://doi.org/10.47604/ijmht.1362

Issue

Section

Articles