Effect of Regulation on Curbing Over tourism in East Africa. A Critical Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/ijmht.1363Keywords:
Examine, effect of regulation, curbing, overtourism, East AfricaAbstract
Purpose: Over tourism irritates local people especially in rural areas. Over tourism has sparked a backlash by the local community especially by increasing the costs of living in their cities. The general objective of the study was to examine effect of regulation on curbing over tourism in East Africa
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: From the findings identified, and the literature reviewed, the concept of tourism sustainability can be construed to be the preservation of natural capital, economic and socio-cultural ecosystems within a three-pillar model that defines the three dimensions of sustainability. This integrated approach to sustainable tourism development is key in efforts to achieve sustainable tourism development in Africa. The concept of regulations to curb overtourism in East Africa has brought striking paradoxes for destination marketers and destination planners alike.
Recommendations: The study recommends that there is need to develop a national framework for identifying the physical, ecological, socio-cultural and economic limits and the carrying capacity of visitor activity or tourism development at a given tourism area and time. Institute and enforce tourism regulations and policies to ensure that the physical, social and ecological impacts of overtourism are addressed in East Africa. Enforce tourism certification as a means for advocating for tourism sustainability within the East Africa region
Downloads
References
Adora C. Managing tourism in Nigeria: The security option. Management Science and Engineering. 2010;4(1):14-25.
Ahlfeldt G., Franke B., Maennig W. Terrorism and international tourism: The case of Germany. Journal of Economics and Statistics. 2015;235(1):3-21.
Almuhrzi H., Scott N., Alroiyami H. Introduction. In: Almuhrzi H., Alriyami H., Scott N., editors. Tourism in the Arab world: An industry perspective. Channel View Publications; Bristol, UK: 2017. pp. 1-11.
Araña J., León C. The impact of terrorism on tourism demand. Annals of Tourism Research. 2008;35(2):299-315.
Asteriou D., Hall S.G. Vector autoregressive (VAR) models and causality tests. In: Asteriou D., Hall S.G., editors. Applied econometrics. 3a ed. Palgrave MacMillan; London: 2015. pp. 319-333.
Avraham E. Destination image repair during crisis: Attracting tourism during the Arab Spring uprisings. Tourism Management. 2015;47:224-232.
Baggio R., Sainaghi R. Complex and chaotic tourism systems: Towards a quantitative approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2011;23(6):840-861.
Chesney-Lind M., Lind I. Visitors as victims: Crimes against tourists in Hawaii. Annals of Tourism Research. 1986;13:167-191.
Clancy M. Security and the future of tourism. In: Leigh J., Webster C., Ivanov S., editors. Future tourism: Political, social and economic challenges. Routledge; Abingdon: 2012. pp. 55-69.
Coca-Stefaniak A., Morrison A. City tourism destinations and terrorism-a worrying trend for now, but could it get worse? International Journal of Tourism Cities. 2018;4(4):409-412.
Cohen E., Cohen S. Current sociological theories and issues in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 2012;39(4):2177-2202.
Dholakia U. A motivational process model of product involvement and consumer risk perception. European Journal of Marketing. 2001;35(11/12):1340-1362.
Dimanche F., Leptic A. New Orleans tourism and crime: A case study. Journal of Travel Research. 1999;38(1):19-23.
Drakos K., Kutan A. Regional effects of terrorism on tourism: Evidence from three Mediterranean countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2003;47(5):621-641.
Eckstein Z., Tsiddon D. Macroeconomic consequences of terror: Theory and the case of Israel. Journal of Monetary Economics. 2004;51:971-1002.
Enders W., Sandler T. Causality between transnational terrorism and tourism: The case of Spain. Terrorism. 1991;14(1):49-58.
Enders W., Sandler T., Parise G. An econometric analysis of the impact of terrorism on tourism. Kyklos. 1992;45:531-554
Esso L. Cointegrating and causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in ECOWAS countries. Journal of Economics and International Finance. 2010;2(3):36-48.
Fennell D. Towards a model of travel fear. Annals of Tourism Research. 2017;66:140-150.
Feridun M. Impact of terrorism on tourism in Turkey: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Applied Economics. 2011;43(24):3349-3354.
Fleisher A., Buccola S. War, terror, and the tourism market in Israel. Applied Economics. 2002;34(11):1335-1343.
Fletcher J., Morakabati Y. Tourism activity, terrorism and political instability within commonwealth: The cases of Fiji and Kenya. International Journal of Tourism Research. 2008;10(6):537-556.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Robert Kariuki
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
