Perceived Parenting Styles, Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Resolution Styles among Young Adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/ijp.2976Keywords:
Authoritative, Authoritarian, Conflict Resolution Styles, Emotional Intelligence, Perceived Parenting Styles, PermissiveAbstract
Purpose: Parenting styles greatly influence the development of emotional intelligence and conflict resolution styles among young adults since the very early years of their lives. The understanding how parenting styles and emotional intelligence impact conflict resolution styles of young adults has become progressively urgent. The existing study purposes to inspect the relationship between perceived parenting styles, emotional intelligence, and conflict resolution styles among young adults. The practical implication of this research will provide the future generations in better upbringing of their children that possess high levels of emotional intelligence.
Methodology: The study was carried out in a single phase. The study was quantitative, and it was conducted to assess the perceived parenting styles by young adults including assessing their emotional intelligence and identifying their conflict resolution style. The sample of the study was 280 (M=140, F=140) recruited from different universities in Islamabad, Pakistan. Three scales were used for assessment: The Perceived Parenting Styles Scale (PPSC), The Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI).
Findings: The authoritative parenting style positively correlated with emotional intelligence (r = .47, p < .01) and positive problem-solving (r = .17, p < .01), while negatively relating to conflict engagement (r = -.31, p < .01) and self-protection (r = -.26, p < .01). In contrast, authoritarian and permissive styles were negatively related to emotional intelligence (r = -.13 and r = -.19, respectively) and positively associated with conflict engagement. Males scored higher on emotional intelligence (M = 121.96, SD = 13.73) than females (M = 118.35, SD = 15.87), and PhD students exhibited higher conflict resolution scores than Master's and undergraduate students. These findings highlight the impact of parenting styles on emotional intelligence and conflict resolution skills among young adults.
Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study is guided by The Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1977) sets that young adults copy ways of behaving gained from their childhood, particularly from their parents. Parenting styles perceived during childhood and adolescence could impact how people approach conflicts and social interactions. Another theory which backs this study is Emotional Intelligence theory by Daniel Goleman suggests that individuals consist of a bunch of skills and abilities that would help them in recognizing, understanding and managing their own self emotions as well as emotions of other people. The study recommends that research be conducted in other demographic regions or on a broader level. The study also recommends that other variables such as personality traits and changes over tine should be considered as well for better outcomes.
Downloads
References
Abusalih, A. F., Tan, E. M., & de Cruz, N. (2023). Associations between parental conflict and externalizing behaviors in children with ASD in a local Singaporean sample: Parenting style as a moderating mechanism. European Journal of Teaching and Education, 5(2), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.33422/ejte.v5i2.886
Aunola, K. (2015). Parenting styles and adolescents' achievement strategies. Journal of Adolescence, 23(2), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0308
Axinn, W. G., Young-DeMarco, L., & Ro, M. C. (2011). Gender double standards in parenting attitudes. Social Science Research, 40(2), 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.08.010
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child Development, 37(4), 887–907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611
Batool, S. S., & Lewis, C. A. (2020). Does positive parenting predict pro-social behavior and friendship quality among adolescents? Emotional intelligence as a mediator. Current Psychology, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00772-x
Bano, Z., Rani, S., & Leghari, N. U. (2019). Parenting styles as determinants of conflict management and anxiety among adolescents. Isra Medical Journal, 11(2), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3263920
Ciarrochi, J. V., Chan, A. Y. C., & Caputi, P. (2000). A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 539–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869 (99)00119-1
Daly, M., Bray, R., Bruckauf, Z., Byrne, J., Margaria, A., Pecnik, N., & Samms-Vaughan, M. (2015). Family and parenting support: Policy and provision in a global context. United Nations. https://doi.org/10.18356/9789280647606
Ghani, S. (2000). Sociology of family and community. University Grant Commission.
Goleman, D., & Senge, P. (2014). The triple focus: A new approach to education (Kindle Edition). More than Sound, Florence
Hasan, N., & Power, T. G. (2002). Optimism and pessimism in children: A study of parenting correlates. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26(2), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000085
Holliday, M. J. (2014). Authoritative parenting and outcomes of positive discipline parent training: Parenting style and perceived efficacy (Doctoral dissertation, Adler School of Professional Psychology). https://doi.org/10.1037/e501892020-001
Kauts, A., & Kaur, S. (2011). A study of children's behavior in relation to family environment and technology exposure at the pre-primary stage. Journal of Educational Studies.
Khatoon, A. (2008). The impact of nuclear and joint family systems on the academic achievement of secondary school students in Karachi (Ph.D. thesis). University of Karachi. http://prr.hec.gov.pk/thesis/2515.pdf
Klein, H. A., & Ballantine, J. (2001). For parents particularly: Raising competent kids: The authoritative parenting style. Childhood Education, 78(1), 46–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2001.10521698
Kurdek, L. A. (1994). Conflict resolution styles in gay, lesbian, heterosexual nonparent, and heterosexual parent couples. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 705–722. https://doi.org/10.2307/352882
Larson, R. W., Richards, M. H., Moneta, G., Holmbeck, G., & Duckett, E. (2013). Changes in adolescents' daily interactions with their families from ages 10 to 18: Disengagement and transformation. In Adolescents and their families (pp. 118–128). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609914
Lorence, B., Hidalgo, V., Pérez-Padilla, J., & Menéndez, S. (2019). The role of parenting styles on behavior problem profiles of adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15), 2767. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152767
Manikandan, K. (2020). Parenting style scale. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21221.09446
Merolla, A. J., & Kam, J. A. (2018). Parental hope communication and parent-adolescent constructive conflict management: A multilevel longitudinal analysis. Journal of Family Communication, 18(1), 32–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2017.1410241
Missotten, L. C., Luyckx, K., Branje, S., & Van Petegem, S. (2018). Adolescents’ conflict management styles with mothers: Longitudinal associations with parenting and reactance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47, 260–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0733-7
Mishra, P. (2017). Parenting style and social anxiety among adolescents. International Journal of Applied Home Science, 5, 117–123.
Sanvictores, T. (2021). Types of parenting styles and effects on children. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://doi.org/10.32388/NBK568743
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00001-4
Segrin, C., & Flora, J. (2019). Fostering social and emotional intelligence: What are the best current strategies in parenting? Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 13(3), e12439. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12439
Shi, Y. (2023). Exploring the association between sibling relationship quality, parenting styles, and theory-of-mind development in Chinese young adolescents: A preliminary analysis (Doctoral dissertation). University of Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa005
Tösten, R., Han, B., & Anik, S. (2017). The impact of parental attitudes on problem-solving skills in high school students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(1), 170–174. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.050121
Xu, J. (2017). The relationship between parenting styles and adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00626
Zakeri, H. (2010). Parenting styles and resilience. Science Direct, 1067–1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.236
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zoonash Tahir, Dr. Ansa Quratulain
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
