FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE ADULT PATIENTS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS, KAKAMEGA COUNTY, KENYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.1262Keywords:
Blood pressure control, hypertension, adult patients, kakamega countyAbstract
Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the factors influencing blood pressure levels in hypertensive adult patients in Kenya's Kakamega County. The specific objectives were as follows: to assess patient factors that influence blood pressure levels among hypertensive adult patients in Kakamega County, examine health-care provider factors that influence blood pressure levels in hypertensive adult patients; determine institutional factors that influence blood pressure levels in hypertensive adult patients in Kakamega County based on the clinical recommendations for cardiovascular disease management from 2018.
Methodology: The researcher used a cross-sectional analytical study design. Patients and health care providers were requested to sign a written consent before data was collected using a questionnaire and an observation checklist. Quantitative data were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics, statistical package for social sciences version 22, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.05. The strength of the relationship between the variables and the patient's blood pressure level was tested using multiple regression.
Findings: The findings showed that the number of years a patient was told he or she had hypertension patient sensitization about the disease (p = 0.04), the patient's BMI (p = 0.01), BP stability at the time of admission (0.0001), having a treatment supporter to advise the patient when to take medications (0.04). The health care provider's age group and knowledge about the disease (p = 0.02) was all separately correlated with blood pressure control. According to the current analysis, in Kakamega County, being a male without adequate patient sensitization about the hypertension disease made patients to be more likely to have uncontrolled blood pressure levels.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends a model that combines patient and health-care system variables emphasizing on patient sensitization about the hypertension disease, modifiable and modifiable risk factors should be created in attempt to have blood pressure controlled.
Downloads
References
Adamu, U. G., Ibok, I. O., Abdullahi, A., & Ogundele, I. O. (2014). Knowledge , Attitude and Practice of Physicians in the Treatment of Hypertension in North-Central Nigeria. May, 251-256.
Ameh, S., Gómez-oliv, F. X., Kahn, K., Tollman, S. M., & Klipstein-grobusch, K. (2017). Relationships between structure , process and outcome to assess quality of integrated chronic disease management in a rural South African setting : applying a structural equation model. 1-15.
Carlsson, A. C., Wändell, P. E., Journath, G., de Faire, U., & Hellnius, M. L. (2009). Factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive 60-year-old men and women-a population-based study. Hypertension Research, 32(9), 780-785.
Diseases, D. O. F. N., & Health, M. O. F. (n.d.). Ministry of health kenya national guidelines for cardiovascular diseases management division of non-communicable diseases republic of kenya kenya national guidelines for cardiovascular diseases management division of non-communicable diseases.
Dorans, K. S., Mills, K. T., Liu, Y., & He, J. (2018). Trends in Prevalence and Control of Hypertension According to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline. 1-11.
Dzau, V. J., & Balatbat, C. A. (2019). The Need for Transformation. 450-457. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13437
Foex, P., & Sear, J. W. (2004). Hypertension : pathophysiology and treatment. December 2015.
Green, A. S., Lynch, H. M., Nanyonga, R. C., Squires, A. P., Gadikota-Klumpers, D. D., Schwartz, J. I., & Heller, D. J. (2020). Assessing providers' approach to hypertension management at a large, private hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Annals of Global Health, 86(1), 1-8.
Kak, N., Burkhalter, B., & Cooper, M. (n.d.). Measuring the Competence of Healthcare Providers. 1-28.
Karuri, J., Wagacha, P. W., & Ochieng, D. O. (2014). DHIS2 : The Tool to Improve Health Data Demand and Use in Kenya DHIS2 : The Tool to Improve Health Data Demand and Use in Kenya. January.
Keenan, N., Labarthe, D., & Hong, Y. (2013). NIH Public Access. 1-19.
Kengne, A. P., Sobngwi, E., Fezeu, L., Awah, P. K., Dongmo, S., Mbanya, C., & Investigators, T. C. (2009). Research article at primary health care level in resource-limited settings of Africa. 8688, 1-10.
Kilic, M., Uzunçakmak, T., & Ede, H. (2016). The effect of knowledge about hypertension on the control of high blood pressure. International Journal of the Cardiovascular Academy, 2(1), 27-32.
Leonetti, G., Vaccarella, A., Michev, I., Garavelli, G., Cuspidi, C., Magrini, F., Zanchetti, A., Palumbo, G., Lonati, L., Meani, S., & Cristofari, M. (2002). Compliance to hypertension guidelines in clinical practice: a multicentre pilot study in Italy. Journal of Human Hypertension, 16(10), 699-703.
Lulebo, A. M., Mapatano, M. A., Kayembe, P. K., Mafuta, E. M., Mutombo, P. B., & Coppieters, Y. (2015). Assessment of hypertension management in primary health care settings in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. BMC Health Services Research.
Maharjan, B. (2018). Prevalence and Awareness of Hypertension among Adults and its Related Risk Factors. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 15(3), 242-246.
Ministry of Health in Kenya. (2015). Kenya Health Workforce Report : The Status of Healthcare Professionals in Kenya, 2015. 104.
MoH. (2016). Statistical review of progress towards the mid-term targets of the Kenya health sector strategic plan 2014-2018. 199.
Okai, D. E., Manu, A., Amoah, E. M., Laar, A., Akamah, J., & Torpey, K. (2020). Patient-level factors influencing hypertension control in adults in Accra, Ghana. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 20(1), 1-7.
Olin, B. R., Twiggs, J., & Bell, K. (2015). Hypertension: The silent killer: Updated JNC-8 guideline recommendations. Alabama Pharmacy Association.
Onyango, M. J., Kombe, I., Nyamongo, D. S., & Mwangi, M. (2017). A study to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among employees working at a call centre Nairobi Kenya. Pan African Medical Journal, 27, 1-9.
Panwar, M., & Tanwar, N. (2018). Chapter - 3. June, 32-50.
Paudel, S. S. (2020). A meta-analysis of 2019 novel corona virus patient clinical characteristics and comorbidities. 1-16.
Price, A. J., Crampin, A. C., Amberbir, A., Kayuni-chihana, N., Musicha, C., Tafatatha, T., Branson, K., Lawlor, D. A., Mwaiyeghele, E., Nkhwazi, L., Smeeth, L., Pearce, N., Munthali, E., & Mwagomba, B. M. (2018). Prevalence of obesity , hypertension , and diabetes , and cascade of care in sub-Saharan Africa : a cross-sectional , population-based study in rural and urban Malawi. THE LANCET Diabetes & Endocrinology, 6(3), 208-222.
R., G., & S., G. (2010). Strategies for initial management of hypertension. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 132(11), 531-542.
Statistics, B. O. F. (2015). KENYA STEPwise SURVEY FOR NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES RISK FACTORS 2015 REPORT.
Szabo, A. (2020). Differences in life-satisfaction , optimism and pessimism between hypertensive and non-hypertensive adults differences in life-satisfaction , optimism and pessimism between hypertensive and non-hypertensive adults. May.
Thinyane, K. H., Mothebe, T., Sooro, M., Namole, L. D., & Cooper, V. (2015). An observational study of hypertension treatment and patient outcomes in a primary care setting. In Pan African Medical Journal (Vol. 20).
Veglio, F., Grassi, G., Mancia, G., & Volpe, M. (2013). Clinical Management of Resistant Hypertension. November.
Vouga, M., Musso, D., Goorhuis, A., Freedman, D. O., Rodgers, A., & Jaffe, M. G. (2018). Fixed-dose combinations for hypertension Department of Error. The Lancet, 392(10150), 819-820.
Wagialla, N. A., & Elnimeiri, M. K. M. (2016). Management of Hypertension by Primary Health Care Providers in Khartoum, Sudan. Public Health - Open Journal, 1(3), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.17140/phoj-1-113
Watine, J., Oosterhuis, W. P., Barth, J. H., Twomey, P. J., Misra, S., Aakre, K. M., & Langlois, M. R. (2015). Why are clinical practice guidelines not followed? Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 54(7), 1133-1139.
Zheng, G., Feng, L., & Lewis, C. M. (2019). A data review of airway management in patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer : a single-institution experience. 1-7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Thomas Ong'ondo Ng'ambwa, Prof. Lt Col (Rtd) John Martin Okoth, Dr. Tecla Psusma Sum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
