ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR AND TURNOVER INTENTION OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS EMPLOYEES: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Keywords:
Organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), employee turnover, Job Tenure, Altruism, Sportsmanship.Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on employee turnover of Nigeria Deposit Money Banks (NDMBs). Taking consideration of 5 banks. OCB was the predictor variable was operationalized into dimensions: altruism and sportsmanship. The two measures of employee turnover, wage rate and job tenure was used as the criterion variable. The study set out to test 2 hypotheses.
Methodology: A sample size of 272 was drawn from the study population of 331 employees. The scales used were within the acceptable Cronbach Alpha value of 0.7, which was interpreted to be reliable. By means of SPSS 17.0 and using a total of 243copies of completed and usable questionnaire, we computed the demographic characteristics. Furthermore, descriptive statistics were computed at the primary level of analysis, while the Spearman Rank Order Coefficient were used at the secondary level of analysis. The hypotheses formulated were tested with Pearson product moment correlation coefficient at 0.05 level of significance.
Findings: Based on the analyzed data, using returned questionnaire, the study found a positive relationship between organizational citizenship behaviour and turnover intention of deposit money banks employees because the former enhances the latter. The research results, based on respondents' perceptions, revealed that organizational citizenship behavior had a statistically significant relationship with employee turnover intentions. Results also showed that employee engagement leads to increased display of organizational citizenship behaviour by employees.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that managers might have used different strategies because a human being has different needs and therefore to satisfy an employee, a number of strategies should be used and the strategies should range from physiological, social, economic and psychological in enhancing employee engagement, showing that engaged employees are of high importance for the competitive advantage of an organization.
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References
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Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Manual an sample set. University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Mind Garden.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26.
Bass, B. M. (1999). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, NY: Free Press.
Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee "citizenship."Academy of Management Journal, 26: 587-595.
Bell S. J. & Menguc B. (2002), "žThe employee-organization relationship, organizational citizenship behaviours, and superior service quality"Ÿ, Journal of Retailing, 78(2002), pp131-146.
Bell, J. (2015). How to complete your research project successfully. New Delhi: UBSPD Publishers Distributors Ltd.
Bettencourt, L. A., & Brown, S. W. 1997. Contact employees: Relationships among workplace fairness, job satisfaction and prosocial service behaviors. Journal of Retailing, 73: 39-61.
Blau, P. M. (2006). Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Bolon, D. S. 1997. Organizational citizenship behavior among hospital employees: A multidimensional-analysis involving job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Hospital & Health Services Administration, 42, 221-241.
Borman, W. C., White, L. A., & Dorsey, D. W. 1995. Effects of ratee task performance and interpersonal factors on supervisor and peer performance ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80: 168-177.
Cardona, P., Lawrence, B. S. & Bentler, P. M. (2004) The Influence of Social and Work Exchange Relationships on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Group and Organization Management, 29(2), 219-247.
Cohen, A. & Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2000). Do good citizen make good organizational citizens? An empirical examination of the relationship between general citizenship and organizational citizenship. Administration and Society, 32(5), 596-625.
Costa, P.T & McCrae, R.R (1992) Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO personality inventory Psychological Assessment, 4, 5-13.
Deluga, R. J. 1998. The relation between trust in the supervisor and subordinate organizational citizenship behavior. Military Psychology, 7: 1-16.
Deluga, R.J (1998) Leader-Member exchange quality and effectiveness ratings: The role of subordinate supervisor conscientiousness similarity, Group and Organizational Management, 23, 189-216.
Eisenberger, R.,Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor: and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565-573.
Ertürk, A., Y lmaz, C., & Ceylan, A. (2006). Promoting organizational citizenship behaviors: Relative effects of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and perceived managerial fairness. METU Studies in Development, 31(2), 189-210.
Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C., & Lin, S. C. 1997. Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 421-444. Farh, J. L., Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. 1990. Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16: 705-721.
Folger, R, & Cropanzona, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers.
George, J. M., & Bettenhausen, K. (1990). Understanding pro-social behaviour, sales performance, and turnover: A group-level analysis in a service context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 698-709.
George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. 1997. Organizational spontaneity in context. Human Performance, 10: 153-170.
Hui, C., Lam, S. S., & Law, K. K. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: a field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 822.
Judge, T.A. & Illies, R. (2002). Relationship of Personality to Performance Motivation: A Meta Analytic Review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 797-807.
Karam, Charlotte M., (2011). Good organizational soldiers: conflict-related stress predicts citizenship behavior, International Journal of Conflict Management, 22(3).
Keskes, I. (2014). Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions. Intangible Capital, 10(1), 26-51.
Lambert, E. G., Hogana, N. L., & Bartona, S. M. (2006). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: A test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers. The Social Science Journal, 38(2), 233-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0362-3319(01)00110-0.
LePine, J., Erez, A. & Johnson, D.E. (2002), The nature and dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 52-65.
Lo, M.C. & Ramayah, T. (2009). Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in a Multicultural Society: The Case of Malaysia, International Business Research, 2, 48-55.
Loi, R., Hang-Yue, N. and Foley, S. (2006) Linking Employees' Justice Perceptions to organizational Commitment and intention to Leave : The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support, Journal of occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79 (1): 101-120.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). "˜A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment'. Human Resources Management Review, 1, 61-89.
Meyer, J. P., Paunonen, S. V., Gellatly, I. R., Goffin, R. D., & Jakson, D. N. (2002). Organizational commitment and job performance: it's the nature of commitment that counts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74 (1), 152-56.
Moorman, R. H. (1993). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845-855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.845.
Mowday, R., Steers, R., & Porter, L. (1982). Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M. & Porter, L.W. (1982). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
O"ŸReilly, C., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 492-499.
Olusegun, O. S. (2012). Influence of Motivation on Turnover of Library Personnelin Some Public Universities in South West Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 722-736.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behaviour: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It's construct clean-up time', Human Performance, 10, 85-97.
Organ, D. W., & Konovsky, M. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157
Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802.
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.
Owojori, A. A., Akintoye, R. I., & Adidu, F. A. (2011). The challenge of risk management in Nigerian banks in the post consolidation era. Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 3(2), 23-31.
Podsakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestion for future research. Human Performance, 10(2), 133-151.
Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). Organizational citizenship behaviors and sale unit effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(3), 351-363.
Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 262-270.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2006). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-63.
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B & Bommer, W.H. (1996). Transformational leadership behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behaviors, Journal of Management, 22, 259-298.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W. & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663.
Tella, A., Ayeni, C. O., & Popoola, S. O. (2007). Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Organisational Commitment of Library Personnel in Academic and Research Libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 9(2), 13.
Todd, S. Y. (2003). A causal model depicting the influence of selected task and employee variables on organizational citizenship behavior, Unpublished PhD dissertation, ProQuest Information & Learning.
Uludag, O., & Menevis, I. (2005). The effects of justice dimension of job satisfactions and organizational dimensions. EMU Journal of Tourism Research, 6(1/2), 81-94.
Van Scotter, J.R., & Motowildo, S.J. (1994). Interpersonal facilitation and job dedication as separate facets of contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 525-531.
Walz, S. M. & Niehoff, B. P. (1996). Organizational citizenship behaviors and their effect on organizational effectiveness in limited-menu restaurants. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 8(1), 307-311. DOI: 10.5465/AMBPP.1996.4980770.
Wang Tzu-Hui, LiuZhenhau, Baum G Thomas (2011) Facilitating Organizational Citizenship Behaviour in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry.
Weiss, H.M. and Cropanzano, R. (2001), "An affective events approach to job satisfaction", in Staw, B.M. and Cummings, L.L. (Ed.), Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 18, JAY Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 1-74.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305
Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire: Manual an sample set. University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Mind Garden.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-Analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26.
Bass, B. M. (1999). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, NY: Free Press.
Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee "citizenship."Academy of Management Journal, 26: 587-595.
Bell S. J. & Menguc B. (2002), "žThe employee-organization relationship, organizational citizenship behaviours, and superior service quality"Ÿ, Journal of Retailing, 78(2002), pp131-146.
Bell, J. (2015). How to complete your research project successfully. New Delhi: UBSPD Publishers Distributors Ltd.
Bettencourt, L. A., & Brown, S. W. 1997. Contact employees: Relationships among workplace fairness, job satisfaction and prosocial service behaviors. Journal of Retailing, 73: 39-61.
Blau, P. M. (2006). Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
Bolon, D. S. 1997. Organizational citizenship behavior among hospital employees: A multidimensional-analysis involving job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Hospital & Health Services Administration, 42, 221-241.
Borman, W. C., White, L. A., & Dorsey, D. W. 1995. Effects of ratee task performance and interpersonal factors on supervisor and peer performance ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80: 168-177.
Cardona, P., Lawrence, B. S. & Bentler, P. M. (2004) The Influence of Social and Work Exchange Relationships on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Group and Organization Management, 29(2), 219-247.
Cohen, A. & Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2000). Do good citizen make good organizational citizens? An empirical examination of the relationship between general citizenship and organizational citizenship. Administration and Society, 32(5), 596-625.
Costa, P.T & McCrae, R.R (1992) Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO personality inventory Psychological Assessment, 4, 5-13.
Deluga, R. J. 1998. The relation between trust in the supervisor and subordinate organizational citizenship behavior. Military Psychology, 7: 1-16.
Deluga, R.J (1998) Leader-Member exchange quality and effectiveness ratings: The role of subordinate supervisor conscientiousness similarity, Group and Organizational Management, 23, 189-216.
Eisenberger, R.,Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor: and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565-573.
Ertürk, A., Y lmaz, C., & Ceylan, A. (2006). Promoting organizational citizenship behaviors: Relative effects of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and perceived managerial fairness. METU Studies in Development, 31(2), 189-210.
Farh, J. L., Earley, P. C., & Lin, S. C. 1997. Impetus for action: A cultural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42: 421-444. Farh, J. L., Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. 1990. Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: Leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16: 705-721.
Folger, R, & Cropanzona, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers.
George, J. M., & Bettenhausen, K. (1990). Understanding pro-social behaviour, sales performance, and turnover: A group-level analysis in a service context. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 698-709.
George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. 1997. Organizational spontaneity in context. Human Performance, 10: 153-170.
Hui, C., Lam, S. S., & Law, K. K. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion: a field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(5), 822.
Judge, T.A. & Illies, R. (2002). Relationship of Personality to Performance Motivation: A Meta Analytic Review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 797-807.
Karam, Charlotte M., (2011). Good organizational soldiers: conflict-related stress predicts citizenship behavior, International Journal of Conflict Management, 22(3).
Keskes, I. (2014). Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions. Intangible Capital, 10(1), 26-51.
Lambert, E. G., Hogana, N. L., & Bartona, S. M. (2006). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: A test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers. The Social Science Journal, 38(2), 233-250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0362-3319(01)00110-0.
LePine, J., Erez, A. & Johnson, D.E. (2002), The nature and dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A critical review and meta-analysis Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 52-65.
Lo, M.C. & Ramayah, T. (2009). Dimensionality of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in a Multicultural Society: The Case of Malaysia, International Business Research, 2, 48-55.
Loi, R., Hang-Yue, N. and Foley, S. (2006) Linking Employees' Justice Perceptions to organizational Commitment and intention to Leave : The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support, Journal of occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79 (1): 101-120.
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). "˜A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment'. Human Resources Management Review, 1, 61-89.
Meyer, J. P., Paunonen, S. V., Gellatly, I. R., Goffin, R. D., & Jakson, D. N. (2002). Organizational commitment and job performance: it's the nature of commitment that counts. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74 (1), 152-56.
Moorman, R. H. (1993). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845-855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.845.
Mowday, R., Steers, R., & Porter, L. (1982). Employee-organization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M. & Porter, L.W. (1982). The Measurement of Organizational Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
O"ŸReilly, C., & Chatman, J. (1986). Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification and internalization on prosocial behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: 492-499.
Olusegun, O. S. (2012). Influence of Motivation on Turnover of Library Personnelin Some Public Universities in South West Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 722-736.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behaviour: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Organ, D. W. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior: It's construct clean-up time', Human Performance, 10, 85-97.
Organ, D. W., & Konovsky, M. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157-164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157
Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802.
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Inc.
Owojori, A. A., Akintoye, R. I., & Adidu, F. A. (2011). The challenge of risk management in Nigerian banks in the post consolidation era. Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 3(2), 23-31.
Podsakoff, P. M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestion for future research. Human Performance, 10(2), 133-151.
Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). Organizational citizenship behaviors and sale unit effectiveness. Journal of Marketing Research, 31(3), 351-363.
Podsakoff, P. M., Ahearne, M. & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 262-270.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2006). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-63.
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B & Bommer, W.H. (1996). Transformational leadership behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behaviors, Journal of Management, 22, 259-298.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W. & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663.
Tella, A., Ayeni, C. O., & Popoola, S. O. (2007). Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Organisational Commitment of Library Personnel in Academic and Research Libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 9(2), 13.
Todd, S. Y. (2003). A causal model depicting the influence of selected task and employee variables on organizational citizenship behavior, Unpublished PhD dissertation, ProQuest Information & Learning.
Uludag, O., & Menevis, I. (2005). The effects of justice dimension of job satisfactions and organizational dimensions. EMU Journal of Tourism Research, 6(1/2), 81-94.
Van Scotter, J.R., & Motowildo, S.J. (1994). Interpersonal facilitation and job dedication as separate facets of contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 525-531.
Walz, S. M. & Niehoff, B. P. (1996). Organizational citizenship behaviors and their effect on organizational effectiveness in limited-menu restaurants. Academy of Management Best Papers Proceedings, 8(1), 307-311. DOI: 10.5465/AMBPP.1996.4980770.
Wang Tzu-Hui, LiuZhenhau, Baum G Thomas (2011) Facilitating Organizational Citizenship Behaviour in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry.
Weiss, H.M. and Cropanzano, R. (2001), "An affective events approach to job satisfaction", in Staw, B.M. and Cummings, L.L. (Ed.), Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. 18, JAY Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 1-74.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305
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2020-07-21
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Ifeyinwa, E. S., & Onodugo, V. A. (2020). ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR AND TURNOVER INTENTION OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS EMPLOYEES: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA. Journal of Human Resource and Leadership, 5(1), 15 – 35. Retrieved from https://iprjb.org/journals/index.php/JHRL/article/view/1101
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