INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP ON STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE KENYAN MOTOR VEHICLE INDUSTRY
Keywords:
leadership competence, leadership communication, personnel involvement monitoring and evaluation and strategy implementationAbstract
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to establish the influence of strategic leadership on strategy implementation in the Kenyan motor vehicle industry.
Methodology: The study was carried out using descriptive research design. The target population for this study was 13 major motor vehicles retailers in Kenya as listed in the KMI website. . The sampling frame of this study was the various management levels of the 13 major motor vehicles retailers in Kenya as listed on the KMI association website. Stratified random sampling was used. . The study used questionnaires to collect the required data. Descriptive statistics was used mainly to summarize the data. SPSS was used for analysing complex data. Data presentation was through the use of pie charts, bar charts, graphs and frequency tables. Regression and Correlation analysis was used to establish the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
Results: The study findings revealed that a positive and significant relationship between strategic leadership as represented by leadership competence, leadership communication, personnel involvement, as wells monitoring and evaluation and strategy implementation has been established.
Policy recommendation: The study recommended that firms prioritize on the enhancement leadership capacities in terms of the formulation and implementation of strategies. Moreover, organizations can invest in measures aimed at improving the existing working relationship of leaders with their juniors and superiors. The study also recommends that Organizations emphasize on effective communication to get the right message across to the right people through the right channels. Furthermore, Leaders should foster a culture of inclusivity in their decision-making as this makes it easier to implement those decisions. Organizations will succeed more where they treat employees as major stakeholders in the business and take concrete steps to motivate them as well as listen to their views on a given strategy
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References
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Beer, M., & Eisenstat, R. A. (2000). The silent killers of strategy implementation and learning. MIT Sloan Management Review, 41(4), 29.
Bennet, G., Gaya, H., Kipchumba, J., & Percival , D. (2002). A Motor Industry Steered By An Adhoc Policy? The Budget Focus Issue No 8.
Brinkschröder, N. (2014). Strategy Implementation: Key Factors, Challenges and Solutions. The Netherlands: University of Twente.
Carmeli, A., & Tishler, A. (2006). The relative importance of the top management team's managerial skills. International Journal of Manpower, 27(1), 9-36.
Chelladurai, P., & Kerwin, S. (2017). Human Resource Management in Sport and Recreation. Third Edition. Human Kinetics.
Chepkurui, C. (2012). THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AT THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (ADC) IN KENYA. Nairobi: University Of Nairobi.
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Codita, R. (2010). Contigency factors of Marketing-Mix Standardization: German Consumer Goods Companies in Central and Eastern Europe.
Crano, W. D., & Prislin, R. (2010). Attitudes and Attitude Change. New York: Psychology Press.
Cooper, P. R. & Schindler, P.S. (2008). Business research methods. (10thed.). Wiley, New York.
Crossan, M., Vera, D., & Nanjad, L. (2008). Transcendent leadership: Strategic leadership in dynamic environments. The leadership quarterly, 19(5), 569-581.
Daft, R. L. (2015). The Leadership experience. Sixth Edition. Stamford USA: Cengage Learning.
Das, A., Kumar, V., & Kumar, U. (2011). The role of leadership competencies for implementing TQM. An Empirical Study in Thai Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management Vol 28 No. 2, 195-219.
Eckmann, H. L. (2005). Great Man Theory: A personal account of attraction. PAPER FOR THE IBA CONFERENCE. San Diego: National University.
Economist, T. (2009, 06 04). The bankruptcy of General Motors. A Giant Falls. The Economist Newspaper Limited.
Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2000): Mapping distinctive competencies: a systemic approach, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 51 No.1, pp.12-21.
Eisenbeiß, S. A., & Boerner, S. (2013). A Double-edged Sword: Transformational Leadership and Individual Creativity. British Journal of Management, 54-68.
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Forman, J., & Argenti, P. A. (2005). How Corporate Communication Influences Strategy Implementation, Reputation and the Corporate Brand: An Exploratory Qualitative Study. Corporate Reputation Review Vol 8 Number 3, 245-264.
Furlonger, D. (2016, 08 16). SA still best bet for car makers. Business Day.
Galbraith, J. R., & Nathanson, D. A. (1978). Strategy implementation: The role of structure and process. West Pub. Co.
Gamez, A. (2012). The 12 Secrets of Leadership Communication. Caracas Venezuela.
Germain , M.-L. (2008). Traits and Skills Theories as the Nexus between Leadership and Expertise: Reality or Fallacy? . St. Thomas University.
Givens , R. J. (2008). Transformational Leadership: The Impact on Organizational and Personal Outcomes. Emerging Leadership Journeys, Vol 1 Iss. 1, 4-24.
Gor, Fred (2013). The Practice of strategic leadership at Wrigley Company East Africa limited Kenya. MBA unpublished research, University of Nairobi.
Grant, R. M. (2001). The Resource Based Theory Of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Managemen Review Issue 33 Vol 3 , 114-135
Gudda, P. (2011). A Guide to Project Monitoring & Evaluation. Author House.
Häuberer, J. (2011). Introduction.In Social Capital Theory (pp. 25-32). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Heracleous, L. (2003). Strategy and Organization, Realizing Strategic Management. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Hirschey, M. (2009). Fundamentals of Managerial Economics (9th Edition). Cengage Learning.
Hrebiniak, L.G. (2006). Obstacles to Effective Strategy Implementation. Organizational Dynamics, 35, 12-31.
Huber, A. J. (2010). Effective Strategy Implementation: Conceptualizing Firms' Strategy Capabilities And Assesing Their Impact On Firm Performance. Switzerland: University Of Bern.
Jooste, C., & Fourie, B. (2009). The role of strategic leadership in effective Strategy Implementation: Perceptions of South African strategic leaders. Southern African Business Review Volume 13 Number 3, 51-68.
Juma, V. (2013, 06 09). DT Dobie loses Renault after Toyota buyout. Business Daily.
Juma, V. (2014, 07 31). CMC Loses volkswagen to DT Dobie in fresh blow. Business Daily.
Juma, V. (2014, 11 10). Nissan sets aside Sh1.3bn for new showrooms in Kenya. Business Daily Africa.
Kensinger, J. W. (2011). Research In Finance Volume 27. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.
Ketler, D., O'Keefe, N., Rubenstein, A., & Siverio, J. (2009, 05 21). General Motors and the Auto Indusrty: A Strategic Analysis. United States.
Kibicho, P. M. (2015). Determinants of Strategy Implementation Success in the Insurance Industry: A Survey of Insurance Companies in Kenya. International Journal of Business
Kros, J. F., & Brown, E. C. (2013). Health care operations and supply chain management: Operations, Planning and control. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Krysik, J. L., & Finn, J. (2013). Research For Effective Social Work Practice. Third Edition. New York: Routledge.
Kubota, Y. (2016, 01 26). Market Watch. Retrieved 07 22, 2016, from www.marketwatch.com: http://www.marketwatch.com/story/toyota-again-no-1-in-global-car-sales-2016-01-26
Kusek, J. Z., & Rist, R. C. (2004). Ten Steps to result Based Monitoring and Evaluation. Washington DC : The International Bank For Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
Landy, F. J., & Conte, J. M. (2010). Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational psychology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Lapierre, L. M., & Carsten, M. K. (2014). FOLLOWERSHIP. What is it and why do people follow. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Lee, M. (2014). Transformational leadership: is it time for a recall? International Journal of Management and Applied Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, 17-29.
Lewis, P. S., Goodman, S. H., Fandt, P. M., & Michlitsch, J. F. (2007). MANAGEMENT. Challenges for Tomorrow's Leaders. Mason OH 45040 USA: Thomson Learning Inc.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation: A 35-Year Odyssey. American Psychologist, 705-717.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2013). New Developments in Goal Setting and Task Performance. East Sussex: Routledge.
Maas, D. v. (2015, February 11). Involving Employees in Strategy Execution. Retrieved May 14, 2016, from Strategos.com: http://strataegos.com/involving-employees-in-strategy-execution
Marko Kohtamäki, Sascha Kraus, Markus Mäkelä & Mikko Rönkkö, (2012). "The role of personnel commitment to strategy implementation and organizational learning within the relationship between strategic planning and company performance", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 18 Issue: 2, pp.159-178.
Mapetere, D., Mavhiki, S., Nyamwanza, T., Sikomwe, S., & Mhonde, C. (2012). Strategic Role of Leadership in Strategy Implementation in Zimbabwe's State Owned Enterprises. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 16 [Special Issue - August 2012], 271-276.
Maree, K., & Westhuizen, C. v. (2009). Head Start in Designing Research Proposals in the Social Sciences. Cape Town South Africa: Juta and Company Ltd.
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2009). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application. 6th Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Michira, M. (2012, 12 07). CMC Loses Jaguar, Land Rover dealership. The Standard.
Morrill, R. L. (2010). Strategic Leadership: Integrating Strategy and Leadership In Colleges and Universities. Lanham, New York, Toronto, Plymouth UK: Rowman & Littlefileld Publishers, Inc.
Mulei, J. M. (2009). Strategic Responses to challenges of Liberalization by DT Dobie Kenya Ltd. Nairobi: University Of Nairobi.
Mutisya, S. M. (2016). Influence Of Communication On Strategy Implementation Among Pharmaceutical Companies In Nairobi Kenya. Nairobi, United States International University Africa.
Naidoo, S. (2012, 10 26). CMC Loses exclusive dealership of MAN trucks. Transport World Africa.
Noble, C. H. (1999). The Eclectic Roots of Strategy Implementation research. Journal Of Business Research vol. 45, issue 2, 119-134.
Normore, A. H., Long, L. W., & Javidi, M. (2016). Handbook of Research on Effective Communication, leadership and conflict Resolution.
Ogbeide, G.-C., & Harrington, R. J. (2009). The Relationship among Participative Management Style, Strategy Implementation Success, and Financial Performance in the Foodservice Industry. Retrieved 10 28, 2017, from http://scholarworks.umass.edu: http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1248&context=refereed
O'Reilly, C. A., Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J. A., Lapiz, M., & Self, W. (2010). How leadership matters: The effects of leaders' alignment on strategy implementation. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 104-113.
Peng, W., & Litteljohn, D. (2001). Organisational communication and strategy implementation - a primary inquiry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 13 Iss: 7, 360-363.
Polit, D. F., & Tatano, C. (2008). NURSING RESEARCH. Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice (Eigth Edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Project Management Institute. (2014). The Project Management Office: Aligning Strategy & Implementation. Project Management Institute.
Radomska, J. (2014). The Role Of Managers In Effective Strategy Implementation. International Journal of Contemporary Management, 13(3), 77-85.
Riggio, R. E., & Tan, S. J. (2014). Leader Interpersonal and Influence Skills: The Soft Skills of Leadership. New York: Routledge.
Rajhans, K. (2012). Effective organizational communication: A key to employee motivation and performance. Interscience Management Review, 2(2), 81-85.
Rajasekar, J. (2014). Factors affecting Effective Strategy Implementation in a Service Industry: A Study of Electricity Distribution Companies in the Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 169-183.
Rost, J. C. (1993). Leadership for the Twenty-first Century. London: Praeger Publishers
Rush, S. (2011). The Leadership in Action Series: On Strategic Leadership. Greensboro North Calorina: CCL Press.
Salkind, N. J. (2010). Encyclopaedia of Research Design. Washington D.C.: Sage Publications Inc.
Sanchez, R. (2004). Understanding competence-based management: identifying and managing five modes of competence, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 57 No.5, pp.518-32.
Serfontein, J. J. (2012). The impact of strategic leadership on the operational strategy and performance of business organisations in South Africa. Doctorate Thesis: University of Stellenbosch. South Africa.
Sharma, R. R. (2006). Change Management. Concepts and Applications. New Delhi: Tata Mc-GrawHill Publishing Company Ltd.
Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The Theory of Reasoned Action:Meta-Analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future Research. The Journal of Consumer Research, 325-342.
Sunday, F. (2016, January 16th). Despite weak shilling, Kenya's new car sales increased by 12.8 percent in 2015. The Standard.
Adair, J. (2010). Strategic Leadership. How to Think Plan Strategically and provide direction. London: Kogan Page Limited.
Alexander, L. D. (1989). Successfully Implementing Strategic Decisions. In Readings in Strategic Management (pp. 388-396). Mc Millan Education UK.
Andrew, D. P., Pedersen, P. M., & McEvoy, C. D. (2011). Research Methods and Design in Sports Management. Human Kinetics.
Bajpai, N. (2010). Business Statistics. Dorling Kindersly (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Bashir, F. M. (2017). An Analysis of Managerial Competencies and their Influence on Staff Productivity: A Case of Wajir County Government Employees. Human Resource and Leadership Journal, 2(2), 81-107.
Beck, M., Bryman, A. E., & Liao, T. F. (2003). The Sage encyclopedia of social science research methods. Sage Publications.
Beer, M., & Eisenstat, R. A. (2000). The silent killers of strategy implementation and learning. MIT Sloan Management Review, 41(4), 29.
Bennet, G., Gaya, H., Kipchumba, J., & Percival , D. (2002). A Motor Industry Steered By An Adhoc Policy? The Budget Focus Issue No 8.
Brinkschröder, N. (2014). Strategy Implementation: Key Factors, Challenges and Solutions. The Netherlands: University of Twente.
Carmeli, A., & Tishler, A. (2006). The relative importance of the top management team's managerial skills. International Journal of Manpower, 27(1), 9-36.
Chelladurai, P., & Kerwin, S. (2017). Human Resource Management in Sport and Recreation. Third Edition. Human Kinetics.
Chepkurui, C. (2012). THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AT THE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (ADC) IN KENYA. Nairobi: University Of Nairobi.
Cherry, K. (2016, 05 10). https://www.verywell.com. Retrieved 05 10, 2016, from Verywell: https://www.verywell.com/the-great-man-theory-of-leadership-2795311
Codita, R. (2010). Contigency factors of Marketing-Mix Standardization: German Consumer Goods Companies in Central and Eastern Europe.
Crano, W. D., & Prislin, R. (2010). Attitudes and Attitude Change. New York: Psychology Press.
Cooper, P. R. & Schindler, P.S. (2008). Business research methods. (10thed.). Wiley, New York.
Crossan, M., Vera, D., & Nanjad, L. (2008). Transcendent leadership: Strategic leadership in dynamic environments. The leadership quarterly, 19(5), 569-581.
Daft, R. L. (2015). The Leadership experience. Sixth Edition. Stamford USA: Cengage Learning.
Das, A., Kumar, V., & Kumar, U. (2011). The role of leadership competencies for implementing TQM. An Empirical Study in Thai Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management Vol 28 No. 2, 195-219.
Eckmann, H. L. (2005). Great Man Theory: A personal account of attraction. PAPER FOR THE IBA CONFERENCE. San Diego: National University.
Economist, T. (2009, 06 04). The bankruptcy of General Motors. A Giant Falls. The Economist Newspaper Limited.
Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2000): Mapping distinctive competencies: a systemic approach, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 51 No.1, pp.12-21.
Eisenbeiß, S. A., & Boerner, S. (2013). A Double-edged Sword: Transformational Leadership and Individual Creativity. British Journal of Management, 54-68.
Feinberg, F. M., Kinnear, T., & Taylor, J. R. (2013). Modern Marketing Research. Concepts Methods and Cases. South-Western, Cengage Learning.
focus2move.com. (2016, 03 17). Angola vehicles market in 2015 lost half of volume. Retrieved 08 17, 2016, from focus2move website: http://focus2move.com/angola-vehicles-market-in-2015/
Forman, J., & Argenti, P. A. (2005). How Corporate Communication Influences Strategy Implementation, Reputation and the Corporate Brand: An Exploratory Qualitative Study. Corporate Reputation Review Vol 8 Number 3, 245-264.
Furlonger, D. (2016, 08 16). SA still best bet for car makers. Business Day.
Galbraith, J. R., & Nathanson, D. A. (1978). Strategy implementation: The role of structure and process. West Pub. Co.
Gamez, A. (2012). The 12 Secrets of Leadership Communication. Caracas Venezuela.
Germain , M.-L. (2008). Traits and Skills Theories as the Nexus between Leadership and Expertise: Reality or Fallacy? . St. Thomas University.
Givens , R. J. (2008). Transformational Leadership: The Impact on Organizational and Personal Outcomes. Emerging Leadership Journeys, Vol 1 Iss. 1, 4-24.
Gor, Fred (2013). The Practice of strategic leadership at Wrigley Company East Africa limited Kenya. MBA unpublished research, University of Nairobi.
Grant, R. M. (2001). The Resource Based Theory Of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Managemen Review Issue 33 Vol 3 , 114-135
Gudda, P. (2011). A Guide to Project Monitoring & Evaluation. Author House.
Häuberer, J. (2011). Introduction.In Social Capital Theory (pp. 25-32). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Heracleous, L. (2003). Strategy and Organization, Realizing Strategic Management. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Hirschey, M. (2009). Fundamentals of Managerial Economics (9th Edition). Cengage Learning.
Hrebiniak, L.G. (2006). Obstacles to Effective Strategy Implementation. Organizational Dynamics, 35, 12-31.
Huber, A. J. (2010). Effective Strategy Implementation: Conceptualizing Firms' Strategy Capabilities And Assesing Their Impact On Firm Performance. Switzerland: University Of Bern.
Jooste, C., & Fourie, B. (2009). The role of strategic leadership in effective Strategy Implementation: Perceptions of South African strategic leaders. Southern African Business Review Volume 13 Number 3, 51-68.
Juma, V. (2013, 06 09). DT Dobie loses Renault after Toyota buyout. Business Daily.
Juma, V. (2014, 07 31). CMC Loses volkswagen to DT Dobie in fresh blow. Business Daily.
Juma, V. (2014, 11 10). Nissan sets aside Sh1.3bn for new showrooms in Kenya. Business Daily Africa.
Kensinger, J. W. (2011). Research In Finance Volume 27. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.
Ketler, D., O'Keefe, N., Rubenstein, A., & Siverio, J. (2009, 05 21). General Motors and the Auto Indusrty: A Strategic Analysis. United States.
Kibicho, P. M. (2015). Determinants of Strategy Implementation Success in the Insurance Industry: A Survey of Insurance Companies in Kenya. International Journal of Business
Kros, J. F., & Brown, E. C. (2013). Health care operations and supply chain management: Operations, Planning and control. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Krysik, J. L., & Finn, J. (2013). Research For Effective Social Work Practice. Third Edition. New York: Routledge.
Kubota, Y. (2016, 01 26). Market Watch. Retrieved 07 22, 2016, from www.marketwatch.com: http://www.marketwatch.com/story/toyota-again-no-1-in-global-car-sales-2016-01-26
Kusek, J. Z., & Rist, R. C. (2004). Ten Steps to result Based Monitoring and Evaluation. Washington DC : The International Bank For Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.
Landy, F. J., & Conte, J. M. (2010). Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational psychology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Lapierre, L. M., & Carsten, M. K. (2014). FOLLOWERSHIP. What is it and why do people follow. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Lee, M. (2014). Transformational leadership: is it time for a recall? International Journal of Management and Applied Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, 17-29.
Lewis, P. S., Goodman, S. H., Fandt, P. M., & Michlitsch, J. F. (2007). MANAGEMENT. Challenges for Tomorrow's Leaders. Mason OH 45040 USA: Thomson Learning Inc.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a Practically Useful Theory of Goal Setting and Task Motivation: A 35-Year Odyssey. American Psychologist, 705-717.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2013). New Developments in Goal Setting and Task Performance. East Sussex: Routledge.
Maas, D. v. (2015, February 11). Involving Employees in Strategy Execution. Retrieved May 14, 2016, from Strategos.com: http://strataegos.com/involving-employees-in-strategy-execution
Marko Kohtamäki, Sascha Kraus, Markus Mäkelä & Mikko Rönkkö, (2012). "The role of personnel commitment to strategy implementation and organizational learning within the relationship between strategic planning and company performance", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 18 Issue: 2, pp.159-178.
Mapetere, D., Mavhiki, S., Nyamwanza, T., Sikomwe, S., & Mhonde, C. (2012). Strategic Role of Leadership in Strategy Implementation in Zimbabwe's State Owned Enterprises. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 16 [Special Issue - August 2012], 271-276.
Maree, K., & Westhuizen, C. v. (2009). Head Start in Designing Research Proposals in the Social Sciences. Cape Town South Africa: Juta and Company Ltd.
Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2009). Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application. 6th Edition. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
Michira, M. (2012, 12 07). CMC Loses Jaguar, Land Rover dealership. The Standard.
Morrill, R. L. (2010). Strategic Leadership: Integrating Strategy and Leadership In Colleges and Universities. Lanham, New York, Toronto, Plymouth UK: Rowman & Littlefileld Publishers, Inc.
Mulei, J. M. (2009). Strategic Responses to challenges of Liberalization by DT Dobie Kenya Ltd. Nairobi: University Of Nairobi.
Mutisya, S. M. (2016). Influence Of Communication On Strategy Implementation Among Pharmaceutical Companies In Nairobi Kenya. Nairobi, United States International University Africa.
Naidoo, S. (2012, 10 26). CMC Loses exclusive dealership of MAN trucks. Transport World Africa.
Noble, C. H. (1999). The Eclectic Roots of Strategy Implementation research. Journal Of Business Research vol. 45, issue 2, 119-134.
Normore, A. H., Long, L. W., & Javidi, M. (2016). Handbook of Research on Effective Communication, leadership and conflict Resolution.
Ogbeide, G.-C., & Harrington, R. J. (2009). The Relationship among Participative Management Style, Strategy Implementation Success, and Financial Performance in the Foodservice Industry. Retrieved 10 28, 2017, from http://scholarworks.umass.edu: http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1248&context=refereed
O'Reilly, C. A., Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J. A., Lapiz, M., & Self, W. (2010). How leadership matters: The effects of leaders' alignment on strategy implementation. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 104-113.
Peng, W., & Litteljohn, D. (2001). Organisational communication and strategy implementation - a primary inquiry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 13 Iss: 7, 360-363.
Polit, D. F., & Tatano, C. (2008). NURSING RESEARCH. Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice (Eigth Edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Project Management Institute. (2014). The Project Management Office: Aligning Strategy & Implementation. Project Management Institute.
Radomska, J. (2014). The Role Of Managers In Effective Strategy Implementation. International Journal of Contemporary Management, 13(3), 77-85.
Riggio, R. E., & Tan, S. J. (2014). Leader Interpersonal and Influence Skills: The Soft Skills of Leadership. New York: Routledge.
Rajhans, K. (2012). Effective organizational communication: A key to employee motivation and performance. Interscience Management Review, 2(2), 81-85.
Rajasekar, J. (2014). Factors affecting Effective Strategy Implementation in a Service Industry: A Study of Electricity Distribution Companies in the Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 169-183.
Rost, J. C. (1993). Leadership for the Twenty-first Century. London: Praeger Publishers
Rush, S. (2011). The Leadership in Action Series: On Strategic Leadership. Greensboro North Calorina: CCL Press.
Salkind, N. J. (2010). Encyclopaedia of Research Design. Washington D.C.: Sage Publications Inc.
Sanchez, R. (2004). Understanding competence-based management: identifying and managing five modes of competence, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 57 No.5, pp.518-32.
Serfontein, J. J. (2012). The impact of strategic leadership on the operational strategy and performance of business organisations in South Africa. Doctorate Thesis: University of Stellenbosch. South Africa.
Sharma, R. R. (2006). Change Management. Concepts and Applications. New Delhi: Tata Mc-GrawHill Publishing Company Ltd.
Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The Theory of Reasoned Action:Meta-Analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future Research. The Journal of Consumer Research, 325-342.
Sunday, F. (2016, January 16th). Despite weak shilling, Kenya's new car sales increased by 12.8 percent in 2015. The Standard.
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2017-12-07
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Njeri, B. N. (2017). INFLUENCE OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP ON STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE KENYAN MOTOR VEHICLE INDUSTRY. European Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 2(9), 29–44. Retrieved from https://iprjb.org/journals/index.php/EJBSM/article/view/552
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