INFLUENCE OF PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Keywords:
Participative Leadership, Path-Goal Leadership Styles, Employee Job Satisfaction.Abstract
Purpose: The study investigated the influence of participative leadership style on job satisfaction of employees within commercial banks in Kenya.
Methodology: It was guided by positivism philosophy and descriptive correlation research design. The targeted population comprised of 15,030 employees, who report to middle level managers in all the 43 commercial banks licensed to operate in Kenya. Using stratified random sampling technique, a sample size of 389 was determined. Primary data was collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire, and was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Out of 389 questionnaires administered, 370 were successfully completed and returned representing a response rate of 95%. The descriptive statistics used included mean, frequency distribution and standard deviations. Inferential statistics on the other hand included correlation, Chi-Square tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis. The statistical tool used for data analysis was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The results were presented in tables and figures.
Findings: The correlation analysis for the study showed that participative leadership style significantly influence employee job satisfaction, r(370) = .820, p < .05. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that participative leadership style positively and significantly predicted employee job satisfaction, R2 = .500, F(1, 364) = 181.811, p < .05; β = .673, p < .05. As a result, the study rejected the null hypothesis; participative leadership style has no significant influence on employee job satisfaction.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that there should be the inclusion of all employees in the process of determining the influence of path-goal leadership style on employee job satisfaction.
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References
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Bell, E., & Davison, J. (2013). Visual management studies: Empirical and theoretical approaches. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(2), 167-184.
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Gamelearn, A. (2016). Conflicting Paradigms or Perfect Partners? Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4 (3), 2-4
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Gitoho, S. (2015). Influence of Leadership Styles On Employee Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of Firms Listed In The Nairobi Securities Exchange, Doctoral Thesis, United States International University.
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Hearthfield, S. M. (2012). Keys to Employee Satisfaction: What You Can Do to Increase Employee Satisfaction. World Applied Sciences Journal, 26 (10), 1304-1309.
Hemakumara, N. (2012). Effective Leadership and Management. Colombo Journal of Commerce, 1 (2), 2-3.
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Holland, P., Pyman, A., Cooper, B. K., & Teicher, J. (2011). Employee voice and job satisfaction in Australia: The centrality of direct voice. Human Resource Management, 50 (1), 95-111.
Hollingsworth, C., Brewer, E. W., & Petty, G. C. (2002). Leadership characteristics and family and
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Kenya Bankers Association, (2018). Annual Report. Government Press.
Khuong, M. N. & Dang, T. H. (2015). The Effects of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation in Auditing Organizations in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 6 (7), 12-14.
Kim, S. (2014). Participative management and job satisfaction: lessons for management leadership. Public Administration Review, 62(2), 231-341.
Koh, W. L., Steers, R. M., & Terborg, J. R. (1995). The effects of transformational leadership on teacher attitudes and student performance in Singapore. Journal of Organizational Development, 16 (1) 319-333.
Kothari, C.R. (2015). Research Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers.
Koustelios, A. D., Karabatzaki, D., & Kousteliou, I. (2011). Autonomy and Job Satisfaction for a Sample of Greek Teachers. Psychological Reports, 95, (7), 883-886.
Ludviga, I., & Kalvina, A. (2016). Exploring the Relationships between Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement and Loyalty of Academic Staff. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 10 (1), 99-101.
Magaji, J. J. (2015). Job satisfaction and job enrichment (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mohammad, V. Nazari, A. A., & Mehrdad, G. C. (2013). The relationship between employees empowerment with job satisfaction in Melli Bank of Guilan Province. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter) 2 (12), 71-73.
Monyazi, N. (2015). Job Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in Botswana. The University of Botswana, Gaborone.
Mwendwa, J. M. (2017). Determinants of Employee Intention to Quit Their Jobs at Commercial Banks in Kenya: A Case Study of KCB Bank Kenya Limited (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa).
Nair, P. & Malewar, S. (2013). Effective Leadership-Employee Retention-Work Life Balance: A Cyclical Continuum. Journal of Business and Management, 10 (3), 80-86.
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Nyaberi, E. N., & Kiriago, A. N. (2013). Effects of Retrenchment on the Morale and Job Security of Surviving Employees in Kenya. London: Sage Publications.
Orpen, M. H. (2016). A study of relationship between job enrichment, leadership style and employees' job satisfaction. Leadership in Health Services, 19 (2), 11-28.
Otieno, B. B. A., Waiganjo, E. W., & Njeru, A. (2015). Effect of Employee Engagement on Organization Performance in Kenya's Horticultural Sector. International Journal of Business Administration, 6(2), 1-4.
Salanova. A. & Sanni K. (2016). Employee Satisfaction and Work Motivation. Research in Prisma Mikkeli, Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences.
Sell, L., & Cleal, B. (2011). Job satisfaction, work environment, and rewards: Motivational theory revisited. Journal of Management, 25(1), 1-23.
Thakur, P. (2014). A Research Paper on the Effect of Employee Engagement on Job Satisfaction in IT Sector. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research (JBM&SSR) 3 (5), 30-31.
Thornton, P. H., Ocasio, W., & Lounsbury, M. (2012). The institutional logics perspective: A new approach to culture, structure and process. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.
Turkyilmaz, A., Akman, G., Ozkan, C., & Pastuszak, Z. (2011). Empirical study of public sector employee loyalty and satisfaction. Journal of Industrial Management & Data Systems, 11(5), 675-696.
Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley.
Yukl, G. A. (2013). Leadership in Organizations (7th Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Yusof, M., Said, M., & Ali (2016) A Study of Organizational Culture and Employee Motivation in Private Sector Organization, Journal of Applied Environmental, 6(3), 50-54.
Zabihi, M., & Hashemzehi, R. (2014). The relationship between leadership styles and organizational citizenship behavior. African Journal of Business Management, 6(9).
Abdulwahab S. Bin Shmailan (2016). The relationship between job satisfaction, job performance and employee engagement: An explorative study. Issues in Business Management and Economics, 4 (1), 1-8.
Abend, G. (2013). The Meaning of Theory: Sociological Theory. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Abu-Shamaa, R., Al-Rabayah, W., & Khasawneh, R.T. (2016). The Effect of Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement on Organizational Commitment. The IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 4 (1), 1-5.
Akhigbe, J. O., Finelady, M. A., & Felix, O. O. (2014). Transactional Leadership Style and Employee Satisfaction in Nigerian Banking Sector. European Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 6(26), 15-23.
Alanazi, E. (2013). Overview of path-goal leadership theory. Sains Humanika 64 (2), 1-2.
Anitha, M. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308-323.
Babcock-Roberson, Meredith Elaine & Strickland, Oriel J. (2010). The relationship Between Leadership, Bank of Kenya Limited, Kenya, European Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 1, (1), 51-69.
Babin, B. J., & Zikmund, W. G. (2015). Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning
Bajpai, N. (2011). Business Research Methods. Pearson Education India.
Bakotic, D., & Babic, T. B. (2013). Relationship between working conditions and job satisfaction: The case of Croatian shipbuilding organization. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (1), 206-213
Banjarnahor, H. (2016). An Association with the Participative Leadership Style Influence on Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment and Continuous Head Junior High School in the City of Medan. World Journal of Educational Research. Vol. 4, pp, 101-119.
Barling, J., Weber, T., Kelloway, E. K. (1996). Effects of Transformational Leadership Training on Attitudinal and Financial Outcomes: A Field Experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), 827-832.
Bell, E., & Davison, J. (2013). Visual management studies: Empirical and theoretical approaches. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(2), 167-184.
Bolman, & Deal. (2013). Leadership and Management Model. European Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 1, (1), 1-6.
Bornstein, M. H., Jager, J. P., & Diane L. (2017). Sampling in Developmental Science: Situations, Shortcomings, Solutions, and Standards. Developmental review, 33 (4): 357-370.
Bothma, M. & Roodt, M. (2012). Organizational socialization and career aspirations and Turnover Intentions among design engineers. Journal of leadership and organization development, 26 (6), 424-441.
Casson, R. J., & Farmer, L. D. (2014). Understanding and checking the assumptions of linear regression: a primer for medical researchers. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 42(6), 590-596.
CBK (2015). Bank Supervision Annual Report 2016. Central Bank of Kenya.
Denison, D. R., & Mishra, A. K. (2014). Toward a Theory of Organizational Culture and Effectiveness. Organizational Science, 6(2), 204-223.
Dessler, G. (2011). Human Resource Management. ABC News: Prentice Hall.
Dubrin, A. J. (2017). Leadership: Research findings, Practice and skills. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Elangovan, A. R. (2015). Causal ordering of stress, satisfaction and commitment, and intention to quit: a structural equations analysis. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(4), 159-165.
Elenkov, D. S. & Manev, I. M. (2005). Top management leadership and influence on innovation: The role of sociocultural context. Journal of Management, 31(3), 381-402.
Elkjaer, B. & Simpson, B. (2011). Pragmatism: A lived and living philosophy. What can it offer to contemporary organization theory? Bradford: Emerald Publishing.
Famakin, I., & Abisuga A. (2016). Effect of path-goal leadership styles on the commitment of employees on construction projects. International Journal of Construction Management, 16 (2)10-11.
Gamelearn, A. (2016). Conflicting Paradigms or Perfect Partners? Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4 (3), 2-4
Ganguly R. (2015). Composition of work groups, Quality of work life and job satisfaction of employees in USA. Asian Journal of Management Research, 1 (8), 2229 - 3795.
Ganjali, A., & Rezaee, S. (2016). Linking perceived employee voice and creativity. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 9,175-191.
Gitoho, S. (2015). Influence of Leadership Styles On Employee Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of Firms Listed In The Nairobi Securities Exchange, Doctoral Thesis, United States International University.
Graen, G. B. (2013). What Employers Want: A Postmodern Framework. Illinois: USA.
Grant, C., & Osanloo, A. (2014). Understanding, Selecting, and Integrating a Theoretical Framework in Dissertation Research: Administrative Issues Journal, 4 (2), 9
Griffin, & Moorhead, G. (2012). Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. 10th ed.
Hearthfield, S. M. (2012). Keys to Employee Satisfaction: What You Can Do to Increase Employee Satisfaction. World Applied Sciences Journal, 26 (10), 1304-1309.
Hemakumara, N. (2012). Effective Leadership and Management. Colombo Journal of Commerce, 1 (2), 2-3.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Synderman, B. (1959). The Motivation to Work. New York: Wiley.
Holland, P., Pyman, A., Cooper, B. K., & Teicher, J. (2011). Employee voice and job satisfaction in Australia: The centrality of direct voice. Human Resource Management, 50 (1), 95-111.
Hollingsworth, C., Brewer, E. W., & Petty, G. C. (2002). Leadership characteristics and family and
House, R. J., & Mitchell, T. R. (1974). Path-goal theory of leadership. Journal of Contemporary Business, Journal of Humanities, 3 (1) l-97.
Kagwiria, L., (2016). Influence of Leadership on Employee Productivity at KCB Bank Kenya Ltd. Nairobi Branches, University of Nairobi.
Kenya Bankers Association, (2018). Annual Report. Government Press.
Khuong, M. N. & Dang, T. H. (2015). The Effects of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation in Auditing Organizations in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 6 (7), 12-14.
Kim, S. (2014). Participative management and job satisfaction: lessons for management leadership. Public Administration Review, 62(2), 231-341.
Koh, W. L., Steers, R. M., & Terborg, J. R. (1995). The effects of transformational leadership on teacher attitudes and student performance in Singapore. Journal of Organizational Development, 16 (1) 319-333.
Kothari, C.R. (2015). Research Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers.
Koustelios, A. D., Karabatzaki, D., & Kousteliou, I. (2011). Autonomy and Job Satisfaction for a Sample of Greek Teachers. Psychological Reports, 95, (7), 883-886.
Ludviga, I., & Kalvina, A. (2016). Exploring the Relationships between Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement and Loyalty of Academic Staff. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 10 (1), 99-101.
Magaji, J. J. (2015). Job satisfaction and job enrichment (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Mohammad, V. Nazari, A. A., & Mehrdad, G. C. (2013). The relationship between employees empowerment with job satisfaction in Melli Bank of Guilan Province. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter) 2 (12), 71-73.
Monyazi, N. (2015). Job Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in Botswana. The University of Botswana, Gaborone.
Mwendwa, J. M. (2017). Determinants of Employee Intention to Quit Their Jobs at Commercial Banks in Kenya: A Case Study of KCB Bank Kenya Limited (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University-Africa).
Nair, P. & Malewar, S. (2013). Effective Leadership-Employee Retention-Work Life Balance: A Cyclical Continuum. Journal of Business and Management, 10 (3), 80-86.
Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Nyaberi, E. N., & Kiriago, A. N. (2013). Effects of Retrenchment on the Morale and Job Security of Surviving Employees in Kenya. London: Sage Publications.
Orpen, M. H. (2016). A study of relationship between job enrichment, leadership style and employees' job satisfaction. Leadership in Health Services, 19 (2), 11-28.
Otieno, B. B. A., Waiganjo, E. W., & Njeru, A. (2015). Effect of Employee Engagement on Organization Performance in Kenya's Horticultural Sector. International Journal of Business Administration, 6(2), 1-4.
Salanova. A. & Sanni K. (2016). Employee Satisfaction and Work Motivation. Research in Prisma Mikkeli, Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences.
Sell, L., & Cleal, B. (2011). Job satisfaction, work environment, and rewards: Motivational theory revisited. Journal of Management, 25(1), 1-23.
Thakur, P. (2014). A Research Paper on the Effect of Employee Engagement on Job Satisfaction in IT Sector. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research (JBM&SSR) 3 (5), 30-31.
Thornton, P. H., Ocasio, W., & Lounsbury, M. (2012). The institutional logics perspective: A new approach to culture, structure and process. Cambridge: Oxford University Press.
Turkyilmaz, A., Akman, G., Ozkan, C., & Pastuszak, Z. (2011). Empirical study of public sector employee loyalty and satisfaction. Journal of Industrial Management & Data Systems, 11(5), 675-696.
Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley.
Yukl, G. A. (2013). Leadership in Organizations (7th Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Yusof, M., Said, M., & Ali (2016) A Study of Organizational Culture and Employee Motivation in Private Sector Organization, Journal of Applied Environmental, 6(3), 50-54.
Zabihi, M., & Hashemzehi, R. (2014). The relationship between leadership styles and organizational citizenship behavior. African Journal of Business Management, 6(9).
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Published
2019-05-08
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Mwaisaka, D. M., K'Aol, P. G., & Ouma, D. C. (2019). INFLUENCE OF PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE JOB SATISFACTION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA. European Journal of Business and Strategic Management, 4(3), 23 – 45. Retrieved from https://iprjb.org/journals/index.php/EJBSM/article/view/877
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