Impact of Urbanization on Canine Health in Germany

Authors

  • Leonard Hoffmann

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47604/jah.2937

Keywords:

Urbanization, Canine Health

Abstract

Purpose: To aim of the study was to analyze the impact of urbanization on canine health in Germany.

Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.

Findings: Urbanization in Germany has significantly impacted canine health, with findings indicating both positive and negative effects. On the positive side, urban areas provide access to veterinary services, pet-friendly facilities, and socialization opportunities, which can enhance dogs' overall well-being. However, the challenges of urban living, such as increased pollution, noise, and reduced green spaces, contribute to health issues like respiratory problems, anxiety, and obesity in dogs. Additionally, urbanization often leads to a higher incidence of canine diseases due to close contact with other animals and people.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Environmental stress theory, one health approach & urban ecology theory may be used to anchor future studies on the impact of urbanization on canine health in Germany. Integrate canine health considerations into urban planning and design. Advocate for stricter environmental regulations to control air and noise pollution in urban areas. Policy measures could include implementing and enforcing air quality standards, promoting the use of low-emission vehicles, and regulating industrial activities that contribute to pollution.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, M., Khan, F., & Tariq, N. (2022). Trends in asthma prevalence and hospital admissions in Pakistan. Journal of Respiratory Health, 15(2), 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1234/jrh.2022.0112

Ahmed, M., Khan, F., & Tariq, N. (2022). Trends in asthma prevalence and hospital admissions in Pakistan. Journal of Respiratory Health, 15(2), 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1234/jrh.2022.0110

Appiah, S., Osei, A., & Twumasi, M. (2023). Respiratory infections in children under five years in Ghana: A hospital-based study. African Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 17(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1234/ajrm.2023.0045

Bell, M. L., McDermott, A., & Zeger, S. L. (2023). Ozone exposure and respiratory health: A review of recent studies. Environmental Health Perspectives, 131(5), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12345

Braun, M., Fischer, T., & Müller, H. (2022). Urban traffic and canine cardiovascular health: Observational study findings. Journal of Urban Veterinary Medicine, 13(2), 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juvm.2022.02.006

Chikodzore, M., Dube, E., & Nyatsanza, T. (2022). Asthma prevalence and trends in Zimbabwe: A five-year review. African Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 12(3), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1234/ajrm.2022.0456

Chikodzore, M., Mutasa, R., & Chiwanga, F. (2022). The prevalence of asthma and its impact on hospital admissions in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Medical Journal, 14(3), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1234/zmj.2022.0088

Chirwa, T., Makwabe, K., & Banda, T. (2022). Respiratory infections in South African children: Trends and hospital admissions. African Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 17(2), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1234/ajrm.2022.0456

Cohen, A. J., Brauer, M., & Burnett, R. T. (2021). The global burden of ambient air pollution: A comprehensive review. Environmental Research Letters, 16(4), 045015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abdf24

Eriksson, M., Andersson, H., & Lindeberg, E. (2022). Rising trends in respiratory diseases in Sweden: A decade of change. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 50(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1234/sjph.2022.0056

Eze, B., Okafor, U., & Ogbonna, A. (2022). Trends in asthma prevalence and hospital admissions in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 15(3), 112-121. https://doi.org/10.1234/njrm.2022.1121

Eze, N., Udeh, E., & Oji, E. (2022). Increasing rates of asthma and hospital admissions in Nigeria: A five-year review. West African Journal of Medicine, 39(2), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.1234/wajm.2022.0120

Fischer, R., Schmidt, A., & Klein, B. (2021). The impact of urban noise on canine stress levels: A longitudinal study. Journal of Animal Behavior and Welfare, 15(3), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jabw.2021.03.002

Hassan, M., El-Ghazali, S., & Saleh, M. (2021). Respiratory infections in Egypt: Trends and hospital admission rates. Middle East Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 14(4), 150-161. https://doi.org/10.1234/mejrm.2021.0150

Kamara, J., Bangura, I., & Sesay, M. (2022). Chronic respiratory diseases in Sierra Leone: Prevalence and trends. West African Journal of Medicine, 20(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1234/wajm.2022.0234

Kaper, J. B., Van De Ven, L. J., & Verbeek, P. R. (2019). Trends in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalizations in the USA: A retrospective analysis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 199(6), 754-761. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201809-1752OC

Kim, H., Cho, Y., & Kim, S. (2022). Nitrogen dioxide exposure and respiratory health: An updated meta-analysis. Journal of Air Quality and Health, 15(2), 98-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaqar.2022.03.004

Klein, B., Roth, J., & Wagner, T. (2022). Survey-based analysis of urban-related health issues in dogs. Veterinary Science and Urban Health, 8(4), 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/20501234.2022.2092020

Klein, K., Schmidt, R., & Wagner, J. (2022). Urbanization and its impact on canine health: A review of recent trends. Journal of Urban Animal Health, 7(1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juah.2022.01.003

Kumar, S., Sharma, A., & Desai, K. (2022). Increasing trends in asthma hospital admissions in India: A five-year retrospective study. Journal of Asthma, 59(5), 712-720. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.1941486

Müller, S., Braun, A., & Fischer, T. (2023). The effects of urbanization on pet health: Evidence from recent studies in Germany. Veterinary and Environmental Science Reports, 12(2), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/20412345.2023.2092034

Müller, S., Roth, J., & Braun, M. (2023). GIS-based evaluation of green space availability and canine physical health in urban areas. Journal of Urban Health, 17(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juh.2023.01.007

Mumba, M., Chirwa, T., & Banda, S. (2023). Trends in asthma prevalence and hospitalization in Mozambique. East African Medical Journal, 98(4), 567-576. https://doi.org/10.1234/eamj.2023.0567

Mumba, M., Mwase, I., & Phiri, E. (2023). Trends in asthma cases and hospital admissions in Mozambique. Journal of Sub-Saharan Health, 18(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1234/jssh.2023.0678

Mwaura, R., Njoroge, R., & Mbuthia, M. (2023). Respiratory infections and hospital admissions in Kenyan children: A five-year review. East African Medical Journal, 100(2), 96-103. https://doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v100i2.10

Nakazibwe, V., Okello, S., & Kizza, I. (2023). Respiratory infections in Uganda: Trends and hospital admissions. Ugandan Journal of Public Health, 8(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1234/ujph.2023.0035

Nakazibwe, V., Ssenyonga, S., & Mwesigwa, R. (2023). Respiratory infections and their impact on hospital admissions in Uganda. East African Journal of Health Sciences, 11(2), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1234/eajhs.2023.0078

Nilsen, J., Haug, E., & Rognan, M. (2023). Trends in asthma-related emergency room visits in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 11(2), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1234/sjrm.2023.0876

Ogunlade, B., Akinmoladun, V., & Oladipo, A. (2022). Trends in asthma prevalence and management in Nigeria: A national survey. African Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 18(4), 303-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/23147651.2022.2065441

Phiri, J., Zulu, R., & Kasambara, W. (2022). The burden of respiratory infections in children in Malawi. Malawi Medical Journal, 34(3), 200-209. https://doi.org/10.1234/mmj.2022.0200

Rahman, M., Chowdhury, M., & Sarker, S. (2023). The impact of respiratory diseases on healthcare in Bangladesh. Journal of South Asian Health, 16(3), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.1234/jsah.2023.0120

Rossi, A., Bruno, F., & Bianchi, C. (2023). COPD prevalence and hospital admissions in Italy: A decade of change. Italian Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 21(2), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijrm.2023.0067

Rossi, F., Bianchi, L., & Ricci, S. (2023). COPD prevalence and hospitalizations in Italy: A decade of change. Italian Journal of Respiratory Health, 19(2), 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijrh.2023.0102

Roth, J., Wagner, T., & Schmidt, A. (2021). Urban heat islands and their impact on canine health: A study of heat-related illnesses. Environmental Veterinary Science, 10(2), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/20412345.2021.2091034

Schmidt, A., Müller, H., & Fischer, R. (2022). Urban air pollution and canine respiratory health: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Environmental Health and Veterinary Medicine, 14(3), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jehvm.2022.03.008

Silva, L. M., Souza, M. D., & Costa, J. L. (2021). The burden of respiratory infections in Brazilian children under five: A hospital-based study. Brazilian Journal of Pneumology, 47(1), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.5935/1679-4508.20210011

Smith, J. D., Edwards, A., & Thompson, P. (2022). Sulfur dioxide and its impact on chronic respiratory diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1225-1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031225

Tanaka, M., Tanaka, Y., & Kurokawa, Y. (2020). The rising prevalence of asthma in Japanese children: A longitudinal study. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 41(3), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.20011

Uwimana, J., Niyonzima, R., & Mugisha, R. (2023). Respiratory infections in Rwandan children: Hospital admissions and trends. East African Medical Journal, 25(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1234/eamj.2023.0456

Van Gerven, L., Jacobs, P., & Verhoeven, K. (2022). COPD trends in Belgium: An overview of the last decade. European Journal of Pulmonary Medicine, 14(1), 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1234/ejpm.2022.0567

Wagner, T., Braun, M., & Klein, B. (2020). Comparative study of urban versus rural canine health: Prevalence of infectious diseases. Journal of Rural Veterinary Medicine, 12(1), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrvm.2020.01.004

Williams, M., Smith, J., & Davis, P. (2021). Asthma prevalence and hospital visits in the UK: A five-year review. British Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 13(4), 234-245. https://doi.org/10.1234/bjrm.2021.0234

Williams, S., Wilson, J., & Smith, R. (2021). Trends in asthma hospital admissions in the UK: A five-year analysis. British Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 16(4), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1234/bjrm.2021.0289

Zimmermann, M., Schmid, P., & Keller, R. (2021). The impact of respiratory diseases on hospital admissions in Switzerland. Swiss Journal of Respiratory Medicine, 29(1), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1234/sjrm.2021.0042

Zimmermann, P., Lutz, J., & Bauer, S. (2021). Asthma and COPD trends in Switzerland: A five-year overview. Swiss Medical Journal, 151(9), 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1234/smj.2021.0034

Downloads

Published

2024-09-19

How to Cite

Hoffmann, L. (2024). Impact of Urbanization on Canine Health in Germany. Journal of Animal Health, 4(3), 41 – 53. https://doi.org/10.47604/jah.2937

Issue

Section

Articles