EFFECT OF A COMBINED EXERCISE AND MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTATION REGIMEN ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN GRADE I HYPERTENSIVE ADULTS
Keywords:
Exercise, magnesium supplementation, Blood pressure, heart rate, grade 1 hypertensive adults.Abstract
Purpose: The main aim of the study was to assess the change in resting Blood Pressure (BP) after a 6 week combined exercise and magnesium (Mg) supplementation regimen in grade I hypertensive adults. The secondary aim of the study was to assess the change in resting Heart Rate (HR) after a 6 week combined exercise and magnesium supplementation regimen in grade I hypertensive adults.
Methodology: This study employed an experimental research design because specific conditions were controlled and its effects observed. In this case, exercise and administration of Mg was controlled by the researcher and the influences on resting BP and RHR were observed. A sample of 14 hypertensive adults was used in the study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 (IBM Limited, UK, 2017) and Microsoft Excel 2013 for Windows. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Data was tested for normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test while the Levenes test was used to test for data normality. Data was determined to be parametric. A paired t-test was used to compare mean differences from baseline, mid-point and post-test within the group.
Results: There was no significant difference observed at baseline for Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) within the exercise and magnesium supplementation group (EMG) (p>0.05). The EMG had a mean SBP and DBP of 145.7 ± 6.4 mmHg and 88.9 ±5.9 mmHg at baseline. Following a combination of exercise (45 min, 5 times a week) and magnesium supplementation (500 mg/day) the mean SBP and DBP reduced by -3.6 ± 3.2 mmHg and -3.4 ± 5.1 mmHg respectively after 3 weeks and reduced further by -7.1 ± 2.1 mmHg and -4.9 ± 4.4mmHg after 6 weeks. The changes were statistically significant (p<0.05) for SBP after 3weeks but not for DBP (p>0.05). The changes were statistically significant (p<0.05) for both SBP and DBP after 6 weeks. In addition, there was no significant difference observed at baseline for RHR within the EMG group (p>0.05).The EMG group had a mean RHR of 82.2 ± 10.7 bpm at baseline. Following a combination of exercise (45 min, 5 times a week) and magnesium supplementation (500 mg/day) the mean RHR reduced by -4.8 ± 5.9 bpm after 3 weeks and reduced further by -10.9 ± 4.0 bpm after 6 weeks. The changes were statistically significant (p<0.05) after 3 weeks and 6 weeks respectively.
Recommendations for practice and policy: The study findings suggests that a combination of exercise and magnesium supplementation is an alternative non-pharmacological BP management method for individuals with hypertension, therefore exercise and magnesium supplementation could be included as part of the treatment protocol for individuals with hypertension
Downloads
References
Fløtum, L., Ottesen, L., Krustrup, P., & Mohr, M. (2016). Evaluating a Nationwide Recreational Football Intervention: Recruitment, Attendance, Adherence, Exercise Intensity, and Health Effects. Biomed Research International, 2016, 1-8.
Ho, M., Low, L., and Rose'Meyer, R. (2016). Pharmacology of the Adenosine A3 Receptor in the Vasculature and Essential Hypertension. PLOS ONE, 11(2), e0150021.
Kass, L., and Poeira, F. (2015). The effect of acute vs chronic magnesium supplementation on exercise and recovery on resistance exercise, blood pressure and total peripheral resistance on normotensive adults. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 12(1).
Kass, L., Skinner, P., and Poeira, F. (2013). A Pilot Study on the Effects of Magnesium Supplementation with High and Low Habitual Dietary Magnesium Intake on Resting and Recovery from Aerobic and Resistance Exercise and Systolic Blood Pressure. Journal Of Sports Science And Medicine, 12, 144-150.
Kolte, D., Vijayaraghavan, K., Khera, S., Sica, D., & Frishman, W. (2014). Role of Magnesium in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiology in Review, 22(4), 182-192.
M'Buyamba-Kabangu, J. R., Anisiuba, B. C., Ndiaye, M. B., Lemogoum, D., Jacobs, L., Ijoma,
C. K. & Mipinda, J. B. (2013). Efficacy of newer versus older antihypertensive drugs in black patients living in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of human hypertension, 27(12), 729.
Park, J., Kim, J., Park, Y., Park, S., Cheon, J., & Kim, W. et al. (2018). Resting heart rate is an independent predictor of advanced colorectal adenoma recurrence. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0193753.
Rasanoff, A. (2013). Oral magnesium supplements decrease high blood pressure (SBP>155 mmHg) in hypertensive subjects on anti-hypertensive medications: a targeted meta- analysis. Magnesium Research, 26(3), 93-9.
Schroeder, E., Welk, G., Franke, W., & Lee, D. (2017). Associations of Health Club Membership with Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health. PLOS ONE, 12(1), 0170471.
Silva, D., Lima, T., & Tremblay, M. (2018). Association between Resting Heart Rate and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Brazilian Adolescents. Biomed Research International, 2018, 1-10.
Twagirumukiza, M. and Van Bortel, L. (2010). Management of hypertension at the community level in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): towards a rational use of available resources. J Hum Hypertens, 25(1), 47-56.
World Health organization. (2014). Global statistics report on non-communicable diseases (pp.87-88). Geneva: World Health Organization Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
