KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-CARE PRACTICES AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS-A CASE STUDY OF THIKA LEVEL 5 HOSPITAL, KENYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.1180Keywords:
Level of adherence, recommended self-care practices, Diabetes Mellitus patients, Thika Level V hospital.Abstract
Purpose: The main aim of the study was to determine the level of self-care knowledge and practices among diabetic patients in Thika level 5 Hospital.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The target population included patients living with diabetes seeking medical services at the diabetic clinic at Thika Level V hospital. Being the largest referral hospital that served patients form the entire Kiambu County, the hospital was purposely selected. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 190 respondents among patients visiting the diabetic clinic. Structured questionnaire that was interviewer administered was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 software was used for data analysis.
Findings: The mean diabetes knowledge score was 7.7 out of a total of 14 and the mean self-care activities score was 7.6 out of a total of 14, indicating a deficit in a number of key areas in the knowledge and self-management of diabetes. There was statistical significant relationship between patient's level of knowledge of diabetes self-care practices and age (χ2 (4, N=190) = 10.189, p = .037), education level, (χ2 (6, N=190) = 17.861, p = .007) and employment status, (χ2 (6, N=190) = 16.655, p = .011).Statistically significant association was also found between adherence to recommended diabetes self- care practices and age, χ2 (4, N=190) = 4.501, p = .034, education level, χ2 (6, N=190) = 15.616, p = .016, employment status, χ2 (1, N=190) = 3.830, p = .005. Pearson correlation between knowledge of diabetes self-care practices and adherence to diabetes self-care practices was weak in strength and statistically significant r (188) =0.367, p=< 0.01. This implies that the three factors are significant determinants of the level of self-care knowledge and practices among diabetic patients in Thika level V hospital.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The research demonstrated gaps in self-care knowledge and adherence to self-care practices. Moreover patient's level of knowledge hardly translated to good self-care practices. It is hence important to integrate behavioral change theories into the diabetes educational interventions which may facilitate problem solving skills that will enhance the application of acquired knowledge among the diabetic patients. In addition, more research is warranted to explore patients' perceptions and attitude towards the effectiveness of their self-care management so the diabetic education can be tailored according to patients' needs.
Downloads
References
Adibe, Jackson, Okonta, & Ukwe. (2014). Knowledge of self-care among type 2 diabetes patients in two states of Nigeria. Pharm Pract.
Adisa. (2009). Factors contributing to nonadherence to oral hypoglycemic medications among ambulatory type 2 diabetes patients in South west Nigeria. Pharm Pract.
Amiri, Ghannadi, S., Amouzegar, A., Parisa, & Karbalaeifar, R. (2016). Evaluating the Effect of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Self-Management in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Dialysis. Journal of Diabetes Research.
Atak, N. (2015). The effect of education on knowledge, self management behaviours and self efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING.
Ayele, Tilahun, Girma, Tesfa, & Abebe. (2012). Self-Care Behaviour among Patients with Diabetes in Harari, Eastern Ethiopia: The Health Belief Model Perspective. PLoS ONE.
Babbie, & Rubin. (2008). Research Methods for Social Work. Brooks/Cole, Belmont.
Chali, Wanna, S., Salih, Hassen, M., Abate, & Taye, A. (2018). Self care practice and associated factors among Diabetes Mellitus patients on follow up in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Public Hospitals , Western Ethiopia : a cross sectional study. BMC Research Notes.
Choo, C., Tam, C. L., Muniyandy, S., & Kadirvelu, A. (2015). Personal Attributions, Emotion Managements, Social. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health.
Craven, Hirnle , Jensen. (1992). Fundamentals of nursing: Human health and function. Lippincott.
Eshetie, Gesesew, Hailay, Kassahun, Tefera, Mwanri, . . . Tesfahun. (2016). Diabetes related knowledge, self-care behaviours and adherence to medications among diabetic patients in Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Endocrine Disorders.
Fitzgerald, Funnell, Anderson, Nwankwo, Stansfield, & Piatt. (2016). Validation of the revised brief Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT2). Diabetes Edu.
Formosa. (2016). Improving Diabetes Knowledge and Self-Care Practices.
Formosa, C., & Muscat, R. (2016). Improving Diabetes Knowledge and Self-Care Practices. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association.
Formosa, Lucas, & Mandy. (2008). Influence of national culture on diabetes education in Malta: a case example. ). Diabetes Primary Care, 10: 109.
Gesare. (2016). Assessment of the level of level of knowlegde, selfcare practice and glycemic control among Type 2 diabetes patients attending diabetic clinc at Kenyatta National Hospital.
Glasgow, Hiss, Anderson, Friedman, Hayward, Marrero, . . . Vinicor. (2001). . Report of the health care delivery work group: behavioral research related to the establishment of a chronic disease model for diabetes care.. Diabetes Care.
Gross, P.L, R., R., K., C., R., R., W., A., K., & Oywer E., W. D. (2010). The impact of an emergency hiring plan on the shortage and distribution of nurses in Kenya: The importance of information systems. 824-830.
Guatam A,Bhatta DN,Aryal UR. (2015). Diabetes related health knowlegde,attitude and practise among diabetes patients in Nepal. BMC Endocr Disord, 15:25.
Gurmu, Yonas, Gela, & Debela. (2018). Factors associated with self-care practice among adult diabetes patients in West Shoa Zone , Oromia Regional State , Ethiopia. BMC Health Services Research.
Hemmati , Hashemlo , Khalkhali. ( 2012). The effect of implementing orem's self-care model on the self-esteem of elderlies resident of nursing home in Urmia. ;. Medical-Surgical Nurs J, 1(1):18-23.
Islam, Niessen, Seissler, Ferrari, Biswas, Islam, & Lechner. (2015). Diabetes knowledge and glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.. Springer Plus, 4:284.
Kassahun, T., Gesesew, H., Mwanri, L., & Eshetie, T. (2016). Diabetes related knowledge, self-care behaviours and adherence to medications among diabetic patients in Southwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey . BMC Endocrine Disorders.
Khattab, Yousef, Khader, Abdelkarim, Kamel. (2010). .Factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its complications, 24, 84-89.
Kones. (2016). Foot self-care behaviour among type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients in Nakuru county Kenya. 66-67 -(3).
Lamis, Karaoui1, Deeb2, E., M., Nasser, L., & Hallit, S. (2015). Knowledge and practice of patients with diabetes mellitus in Lebanon: a crosssectional study.
Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. (2011). Theoretical nursing: Development and progress. Meleis AI.
Mayberry, & Osborn. (2012). Family support, medication adherence, and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes. . Diabetes Care, ;35 (6):1239-45.
Mbutiti. (2016). Factors associated with level of adherence to recommended self care practices among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Nyeri Provincial General Hospital Diabetes clinic, Nyeri, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing.
Mlale, M. E. (2016). Factors affecting type 2 diabetes management amongst out-patient diabetic women aged 50 years and above at Kenyatta national hospital, Kenya,2016. 44.
MOPHS. (2015). Kenya National Diabetes Educators Manual.
MOPHS. (2010). Kenya National Diabetes Strategy. First Edition.
Mwaloma, E. M. (2016). Factors affecting Type 2 Diabetes management amongst out-patient diabetic women aged 50 years and above at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya.
Orem, D. (2001). Concepts of Practice. Mosby.
Quansah, D. Y., Boateng, D., & Kwantwi, L. B. (2018). Overview of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)in Ghana; a Call for Action . Curre Res Diabetes & Obesity Journal .
Rocha Fernandes, J., Ogurtsova, K., Linnenkamp, U., Guariguata, L., Zhang, P., Cavan, D., & Makaroff, L. E. (2016). IDF Diabetes Atlas estimates of 2014 global health expenditures on diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.
Saleh, F., Ara, F., & Afnan, F. (2016 ). Assessment of Gap between Knowledge and Practices among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Bangladesh. Advances in Public Health.
Saleh, Mumu, Ara, Begum, & Ali. (2012.). Knowledge and self-care practices regarding diabetes among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health., 12:1112.
Sameer, K. S. (2012). evaluation of knowledge and self-care practices in diabetic patients and their role in disease management. National Journal in community medicine, 3(1).
Segni, Salih, Hassen, Abate, & Taye. (2018). Self care practice and associated factors among Diabetes Mellitus patients on follow up in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Public Hospitals, Western Ethiopia: a cross sectional study,.
Sharma et al. (2008). Knowledge of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among rural populations in India, and the influence of knowledge of diabetic retinopathy on attitude and practice. Rural Remote health, 833-838.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
