EFFECTS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING METHOD AND DEMONSTRATION TEACHING METHOD ON SECONDARY STUDENTS AGRICULTURE ACHIEVEMENT IN NDHIWA SUB COUNTY, KENYA

Authors

  • Peter Oyier Ogweno Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Egerton University
  • Prof. Nephat, J. Kathuri School of Education and Social Sciences, Kenya Methodist University
  • Dr. Agnes O. Nkurumwa Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Egerton University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47604/ajep.1250

Keywords:

Problem Based Learning, Demonstration Teaching Method, Achievement in Agriculture, Quasi Experimental Design

Abstract

Purpose: The study sought to compare the effects of Problem Based Learning (PBL) method and Demonstration Teaching Method (DTM) on achievement of students in agriculture subject.

Methodology: The study used Quasi-Experimental Design which followed a Non-equivalent Control Group Pre-test-Post-test Design, while a Constructivist learning theory guided the study. PBL was the treatment while Demonstration teaching method was used as control. The target population were 7124 students taking agriculture and 52 teachers of agriculture. Accessible population were Form Two Students and 12 schools. Both stratified random sampling and purposive sampling methods were used to obtain a sample size of 575 students and 12 teachers of agriculture. Six schools used Problem Based Learning as treatment, while the other six schools were taught through Demonstration teaching method. Pre-test was administered to PBL and DTM groups before teaching the students and a post-test was also administered to both groups at the end of six weeks of study. Data was collected using Agriculture Achievement Test (AAT) to measure students' achievement. Data was analysed using ANCOVA and descriptive statistics.

Findings:  Post-test results established that teaching through PBL resulted in higher students' achievement in agriculture with a mean score of 57.47 compared to DTM mean score of 48.4. There were statistically significant difference in post-intervention scores between the interventions, F (1, 278) = 1170.43, p < .001, partial η2= .800 leading to rejection of null hypothesis. Therefore, PBL teaching method was found to be more effective in teaching agriculture as compared to Demonstration teaching method.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that teachers of agriculture should embrace and use PBL as a method of instruction in agriculture subject. Likewise, Tertiary institutions and Universities in Kenya should implement the use of PBL method in their training programmes in training students.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Prof. Nephat, J. Kathuri, School of Education and Social Sciences, Kenya Methodist University

Professor

Dr. Agnes O. Nkurumwa, Department of Agricultural Education and Extension, Egerton University

Senior Lecturer

References

Adekoya, Y. M., & Olatoye, R. A. (2011). Effect of demonstration, peer-tutoring, and lecture teaching strategies on senior secondary school students' achievement in an aspect of agricultural science. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 12(1) 320-332.

Alebachew, A., & Waddington, C. (2015). Improving health system efficiency. Ethiopia: Human Resources for Health Reforms. Retrieved March 18, 2021, from World Health Organization website: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665 /18724 0/WHO_HIS_HGF_CaseS tudy_15.6_eng.pdf.

Ameh, I. E., Daniel, B. P., & Akus, Y. (2007). Research and methods in the social sciences. Rowis Press.

Arts, J. A. R., Gijselaers, W. H., & Segers, M. S. R. (2002). Cognitive influence of an authentic computer-supported, problem-based learning environment. Instructional Science, 30(6) 465-495.

Ary, D., Jacobs, C. J., Sorensen, C., & Razavieh, A. (2010). Introduction to research in education. Wadsworth/Cengage learning.

Atan, H., Sulaiman, F., & Idrus, R. M. (2005). The effectiveness of problem-based learning in the web based environment for the delivery of an undergraduate physics course. International Education Journal, 6(4) 430- 437.

Auwal, A. (2013). Influence of teaching method on retention of agricultural science knowledge in senior secondary schools of Bauchi Local Government Area, Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Technology Education Research, 4(4) 63-69.

Awang, H., & Ramly, I. (2008). Creative thinking skill approach through problem-based learning: pedagogy and practice in the engineering classroom. International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1) 18-23.

Azer, T. (2005). Staff Development in Problem Based Learning. Teaching in Higher Education, 5(1) 107-128.

Bell, S. (2010). Project-based learning for the 21st Century: Skills for the future. Clearing House, 83(2) 39-43.doi.org/10.1080/00098650903505415

Best, J., & Kahn, J. (2006). Research in education. Pearson Education, Inc.

Bestetti, R. B., Couto, L. B., Romao, G. S., Araujo, G. T., & Restini, C. B. (2014). Contextual considerations in implementing problem-based learning approaches in a Brazilian medical curriculum: The UNAERP experience. Medical Education Online, 19, 24366.

Boaler, J. (1997). Experiencing school mathematics; Teaching styles, sex, and settings. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.

Borg, B.S., & Gall, M.D. (1989). Education Research. An Introduction. (6th Ed.). Longman.

Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Houghton Mifflin.

Chang, C. Y. (2001). Comparing the impacts of a problem-based computer-assisted instruction and the direct- interactive teaching method on student science achievement. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 10(2) 147-153.

Chen, C., Buch, E., Wassermann, T., Frehywot, S., Mullan, F., Omaswa, F. (2012). A survey of sub-Saharan African medical schools. Human Resources for Health, 10, 4.

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. Routledge.

Cook, T.D., & Campbell, D.T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Houghton Mifflin.

Daluba, N.E. (2013). Effect of demonstration method of teaching on students' achievement in agricultural science. World Journal of Education, 3(6) 1-7.

Dorgu T. E. (2015). Different teaching methods: A panacea for effective curriculum implementation in the classroom. International Journal of Secondary Education. Special Issue. Teaching Methods and Learning Styles in Education. (3) 6-1.

Eliopoulos, M.G. (2004). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in infectious diseases. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Oxford Journals, 38 (11). Online ISSN 1537-6591 - Print ISSN1058-4838.Retrieved on 16/2/2017 from http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/11/1586.full.

Fan, A. P., Kosik, R. O., Tsai, T. C., Cai, Q., Xu, G. T., Guo, L. (2014). A snapshot of the status of problem-based learning (PBL) in Chinese medical schools. Medical Teacher, 36, 615-620.

Farooq, U. (2013). Demonstration method of teaching meaning, advantages & disadvantages. Study lecture notes. Retrieved on 10/06/2020 from http://www.studylecturenotes.com/curriculum-instructions/demonstration- method of-teaching-meaning-advantages-disadvantage.

Flick, U. (2006). An introduction to qualitative research. (3rd Ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.

Fosnot, C. T. (2013). Constructivism: Theory, perspectives, and practice. Teachers College Press.

Fraenkel, J.R., & Wallen, N.E. (2000). How to design and evaluate research in education. Mc Graw-hill Companies Inc.

Frambach, J. M., Driessen, E. W., Beh, P., & van der Vleuten, C. P. M. (2014). Quiet or questioning? Students' discussion behaviors in student-centered education across cultures. Studies in Higher Education, 39(6) 1001-1021.

Frenk, J., Chen, L., Bhutta, Z. A., Cohen, J., Crisp, N., Evans, T. (2010). Health professionals for a new century: Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet, 376(9756) 1923-1958.

Furo, R. J., Abdullahi, Y., & Badgal, B. E. (2014). Influence of demonstration and lecture methods of teaching apiculture on achievement of agricultural students in Adamawa State University, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series-Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 14(2) 173-178.

Ho, M. J., Abbas, J., Ahn, D., Lai, C. W., Nara, N., & Shaw, K. (2017). The "Globalization" of medical school accreditation: Case studies from Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan. Academic Medicine, 92(12) 1715-1722.

Iline, C. S. (2013). Impacts of demonstration method in the teaching and learning of hearing

Impaired children. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 12(1) 48-54.

Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR), (2008). Radical reforms for Kenya's education sector: Implementing policies responsive to vision 2030 (Policy issue 4, 2008). Kijabe.

Jonassen D.H., & Hung, W. (2012). Problem-Based Learning. In: Seel, N. M. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, (2687-2690). Springer.

Kenya National Examination Council. (2013). The Year 2012 KCSE Examination Candidates Performance. Kenya National Examination Council, Nairobi, Kenya.

Kenya National Examination Council. (2016). The 2015 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) Examination Essential Statistics.

Kibett, J.K. (2002). Effect of project based learning on student performance in secondary school agriculture (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Njoro, Kenya: Egerton University.

Kriek, J., & Grayson, D. (2009). A holistic professional development model for South African physical science teachers. South African journal of education, 29(2) 185-203. Retrieved from http://www.sajournalofeducation.co.za/index.php/saje.

Lin, C. F., Lu, M. S., Chung, C. C. & Yang, C. M. (2010). A comparison of problem-based learning and conventional teaching in nursing ethics education. Nursing Ethics, 17(3) 373-382.

Mabrouk, P.A. (2007). Bio analytical Chemistry: model for a fully integrated problem based learning approach. Active learning: models from the analytical sciences, ACS symp.ser. 970, 69-86.

Mackey, A., & Gass, S. (2016). Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.

McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (1997). Research in education: A conceptual introduction (4thEd.). Longman.

Murshed, S. A. (2012). Disadvantages of Demonstration Method. Accessed from http://www.facultystudent.com/2010/11/disadvantages-of-demonstration-method .html on 13/03/2020.

Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications. Sage.

Ogula, P.A., & Onsongo, J.K. (2009). Handbook on teaching and learning in higher education. CUEA Press.

Owino, C. (2010). Perceptions of interns' performance: a comparison between a problem based and a conventional curriculum. East Africa Medical Journal, 87(7) 276-83.

Park, S. H., & Ertmer, P. A. (2007). Impact of problem-based learning (pbl) on teachers' beliefs regarding technology use. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 40(2) 247- 267.

Phipps, L. J., Osborne, E. W., Dyer, J. A., & Ball A. L. (2008). Handbook on Agricultural Education in Public Schools. (7th Ed.).Thomson Delmar.

Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books.

Plonsky, L. (2017). Quantitative research methods. In S. Loewen & M. Sato (Eds.), Routledge handbook of instructed second language acquisition. Routledge

Poulton, C., & Kanyinga, K. (2013). The Politics of Revitalising Agriculture in Kenya. Working Paper 059. www.future-agricultures.org.

Prince, K. J., van Eijs, P. W., Boshuizen, H. P., van der Vleuten, C. P., & Scherpbier, A. J. (2005). General competencies of problem-based learning (PBL) and non-PBL graduates. Medical Education, 39(4) 394-401.

Raupach, T., Munscher, C., Pukrop, T., Anders, S., & Harendza, S. (2010). Significant ıncrease in factual knowledge with web-assisted problem based learning as part of an undergraduate cardio-respiratory curriculum. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 15(3) 349-356.

Seevers, B., & Graham, D. (2012). Education through Cooperative Extension. (3rd Ed.). Fayetteville, Ar: University of Arkansas Bookstore.

Servant, V. F. C. (2016). Revolutions and re-iterations. An intellectual history of problem-based learning. Dissertation, Erasmus University Rotterdam.

Sola, A. O., & Ojo, O. E. (2007). Influence of project, inquiry and lecture-demonstration teaching methods on senior secondary students' achievement in separation of mixtures practical test. Educational Research and Reviews, 2(6) 124.

Stevens, J.C. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum.

Sungur, S., & Tekkaya, C. (2006). Influence of problem-based learning and traditional instruction on self-regulated learning. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(5) 307-317.

Tarhan, L., & Acar, B. (2007). Problem-based learning in an eleventh grade chemistry class: "˜Factors affecting cell potential.' Research in Science & Technological Education, 25(3) 351-369.

Torp, L., & Sage, S. (2002). Problems as possibilities: Problem-based learning for K-12 education. ASCD.

Uden, L., & Beaumont, C. (2005). Technology and Problem-Based Learning. Information Science Publishing.

Umar, I., Abdullahi, Z. & Hassan, H. (2015). Influence of Cooperative Learning on Secondary School Students' Achievement in Financial Accounting. Paper presented at the international conference on accounting studies, Johor, Malaysia, Retrieved from www.icas.my

Van der Berg, S., Taylor, S., Gustafsson, M., Spaull, N., & Armstrong, P. (2011). Improving education quality in South Africa. Pretoria: Report for the National Planning Commission. Retrieved from http://resep.sun.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/2011- Report-for-NPC.pdf

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.

Waiganjo, M.W., Ngesa, F.U., & Cheplogoi, S. (2014). Influence of Co-operative Learning Approach on Secondary School Students' Academic Achievement in Agriculture in Nakuru Sub-County, Kenya. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 1(7) 191-197.

Weegar, M. A., & Pacis, D. (2012). A Comparison of two Theories of Learning, Behaviourism and Constructivism as applied to Face-to-Face and Online Learning. E-Leader, Manila.

World Bank. (2002). Constructing Knowledge Societies: New Challenges for Tertiary Education, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA. ISBN 0-8213-5143-5.

Yan, Q., Ma, L., Zhu, L., & Zhang, W. (2017). Learning effectiveness and satisfaction of international medical students: Introducing a hybrid-PBL curriculum in biochemistry. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 45(4) 336-342.

Yildizay, A. & Leman, T. (2017). Problem-based learning in teaching chemistry: enthalpy changes in systems, Research in Science and Technological Education, DOI: 10.1080/02635143.2017.1366898

Downloads

Published

2021-03-22

How to Cite

Ogweno, P., Kathuri, N., & Nkurumwa, A. (2021). EFFECTS OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING METHOD AND DEMONSTRATION TEACHING METHOD ON SECONDARY STUDENTS AGRICULTURE ACHIEVEMENT IN NDHIWA SUB COUNTY, KENYA. African Journal of Education and Practice, 7(2), 1 – 17. https://doi.org/10.47604/ajep.1250

Issue

Section

Articles