Exploring the Teaching of Reading in Lower Primary Classes: A Case Study of One Government Primary School in Kocheka Sub County, Uganda

Authors

  • Nipael Mrutu
  • Kulwenza Rachael The Aga Khan University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47604/ajep.3105

Keywords:

Phonics, Reading, Instruction, Mentorship, Resources, Training

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigates the methods teachers use to teach reading in lower primary classes at a government primary school in Kocheka Sub County, Uganda, focusing particularly on how these methods impact learners' reading competences.

Methodology: A qualitative case study approach was utilized, employing interviews and document analysis to gather data from six teachers, one head teacher, and one District Inspector of Schools (DIS).

Findings: The findings highlight the use of phonics, whole language, and balanced methods. Further, they reveal that teachers are conversant with these methods and understand how they affect learners’ reading skills. The DIS noted that his office provides textbooks for students and offers supervisory support via school inspectors. The data also indicated that the head teacher, in his management role, provides informal mentorship to lower primary teachers. Despite teachers’ familiarity with teaching methods and the support from the DIS and head teacher, challenges such as limited resources and large class sizes hindered their full effectiveness.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends strengthening in-service and pre-service teacher training to equip educators with approaches to teaching reading in challenging, under-resourced contexts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agyeman, K., Mensah, A., & Oppong, E. (2018). Overcrowded classrooms and their impact on literacy development in Ghanaian schools. African Journal of Education and Development Studies, 14(3), 214–228.

Akintunde, O. A., & Fagbemi, T. O. (2022). Parental involvement in literacy education: Challenges and opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 20(1), 45–60.

Buhere, P., Wanjala, S., & Ochieng, J. (2018). The influence of language of instruction on academic performance in lower primary grades in Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice, 9(30), 115-125.

Castles, A., Rastle, K., & Nation, K. (2018). Ending the reading wars: Reading acquisition from novice to expert. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 19(1), 5-51.

Chia, A., & Chan, C. (2017). Re-defining ‘reading’ in the 21st century: Accessing multimodal texts. Beyond Words, 5(2), 98-105.

Chu, H., & Chen, D. (2014). The effectiveness of visual aids in early childhood literacy: Reinforcing word recognition through culturally relevant pictures. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 45(3), 245-258.

Duke, N. K., & Cartwright, K. B. (2021). The science of reading progresses: Communicating advances beyond the simple view of reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(S1), S25-S44.

Ehri, L. C. (2020). Decoding words: Phonics instruction and its importance for word recognition and reading development. Reading Research Quarterly, 55(S1), S41-S52.

Ehri, L. C. (2019). Word recognition in beginning literacy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(2), 223-236.

Epstein, J. L. (2018). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools (3rd ed.). Routledge.

Foorman, B. R., Beyler, N., Siegel, D. J., & Estrella, J. (2019). National assessment of educational progress: Examining the relationships between classroom instruction and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(5), 851-866.

Goodman, K. S., & Goodman, Y. M. (2014). Whole language theory: Teaching literacy through meaningful context. Reading Teacher, 67(1), 30-40.

Gunning, T. G. (2018). Creating literacy instruction for all students (10th ed.). Pearson.

Harris, A. B. (2019). The impact of funding delays on instructional effectiveness: A case study of public schools. Education Finance Journal, 12(2), 95–108.

Katz, B., Wilson, T., & Lopez, A. (2020). Class size matters: Examining the effects of overcrowding on early literacy development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(4), 789–804.

Kim, Y. S., Petscher, Y., & Schatschneider, C. (2022). The role of decoding, oral vocabulary, and listening comprehension in early reading development. Reading and Writing, 35(1), 1-22.

King, L., Brown, M., & Smith, J. (2018). Teachers' perceptions of reading instruction methods and their impact on learners' reading abilities. Journal of Educational Research, 61(3), 245-260.

Kucer, S. B. (2019). Dimensions of literacy: A conceptual base for teaching reading and writing in school settings (5th ed.). Routledge.

McCutchen, D., Green, L., Abbott, R. D., & Sanders, E. A. (2022). Phonemic awareness: The building block for early literacy and its impact on reading fluency. Reading Research Quarterly, 57(1), 35–55.

Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Wiley.

Ministry of Education. (2016). NPSC Teacher’s Guide for Uganda. Kampala: Ministry of Education.

Ministry of Education Science Technology and Sports. (2016). National primary school curriculum: Teachers’ guide for primary two. Kampala, Uganda.

Ministry of Education and Sports. (2019). Early grade reading program: Uganda country report. RTI International.

Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development. (2016). National Integrated Early Childhood Development Policy. Kampala: Government of Uganda.

Watuwa, T. (2021, September). Challenges in implementing phonics instruction in primary schools: Teachers’ perspectives. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy Studies, 18(3), 220–234.

Nag, S., Snowling, M. J., & Torgerson, C. J. (2019). The impact of language and literacy interventions in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 54(3), 487-501.

Nwankwo, C. U., & Akubue, O. R. (2020). The role of parental engagement in improving literacy skills in Nigerian schools. Journal of African Education, 18(2), 127–140.

Ochieng, J. P., Wanjala, S., & Kamau, J. M. (2020). Teacher training and resource adequacy: Barriers to effective reading instruction in Kenyan primary schools. East African Journal of Education, 5(4), 301–320.

O'Connor, R. E., Fulmer, D., Harty, K., & Bell, K. M. (2021). Improving comprehension through reading aloud in early grades: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Journal of Literacy Research, 53(2), 227-246.

Okebukola, P. A. (2019). Addressing the challenge of large class sizes in Nigerian schools: Implications for literacy development. Nigerian Journal of Education and Learning, 9(3), 85–97.

Pressley, M., Allington, R. L., & Pressley, G. M. (2023). Challenges in implementing balanced literacy instruction: Insights from classroom observations. Journal of Literacy Research, 54(2), 125-145.

RTI International. (2019). Early grade reading program: Assessment results. RTI International.

Shanahan, T., & Lonigan, C. J. (2020). The science of reading research: Examining evidence-based practices in early literacy instruction. Reading Research Quarterly, 55(1), 7-24.

Snow, C. E. (2019). Reading comprehension: Challenges for instruction and policy. Reading Research Quarterly, 54(4), 533-555.

Sweeney, S. M., Brown, R. A., & Smith, J. K. (2021). Enhancing literacy through equitable resource distribution: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Educational Development, 45(3), 221–236.

Tilya, F. M. (2021). Educational resource allocation and its impact on reading outcomes in Tanzania. Tanzanian Journal of Literacy and Learning, 7(2), 56–72.

Torgesen, J. K., Alexander, A. W., Wagner, R. K., Rashotte, C. A., Voeller, K. K. S., & Conway, T. (2016). Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading disabilities: Immediate and long-term outcomes from two instructional approaches. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49(5), 363–378.

Trudell, B., & Piper, B. (2020). Mother tongue and literacy: Evidence from multilingual contexts in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 73, 1-9.

Uganda National Examination Board (UNEB). (2020). Annual report on primary school reading fluency and comprehension. Kampala: UNEB.

Uwezo Uganda. (2019). Are our children learning? Uwezo Uganda Learning Assessment Report 2019. Kampala: Uwezo Uganda.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.

Wanzek, J., Roberts, G., & Al Otaiba, S. (2018). Integrating phonics and comprehension in early reading instruction: A framework for improving literacy outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(2), 136-149.

Xue, Y., & Meisels, S. J. (2018). Whole-word instruction and its impact on natural reading acquisition in early learners. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 42(2), 102-113.

Zaheer, S., & Rahman, M. (2016). Reading difficulties of post-primary learners and challenges faced by teachers in teaching reading: A study of Dhanbad district. English Specific Purpose World, 50(17), 1-25.

Downloads

Published

2024-12-03

How to Cite

Mrutu, N., & Kulwenza, R. (2024). Exploring the Teaching of Reading in Lower Primary Classes: A Case Study of One Government Primary School in Kocheka Sub County, Uganda. African Journal of Education and Practice, 10(6), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.47604/ajep.3105

Issue

Section

Articles