Analysis of Devolved Social Safety Funds on Household Welfare in Kenya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/jpid.1986Keywords:
Devolved Funding, Household Welfare, Social Safety, PoliciesAbstract
Purpose: Social safety funds should effectively and efficiently reach needy households, providing a safety net that enhances their welfare and reduces poverty levels in the community. The Kenya National Safety Net Programme (NSNP) is a government social protection programme established in September 2013 as part of the government's initiative to improve and enhance social protection and improve the welfare of the poor household particularly at the grass root. This study therefore aimed at analyzing the impact of devolved social safety funds on household welfare in Kenya.
Methodology: The study employed a non-experimental pooled cross-sectional research design. Cross-sectional data was collected from selected households using a structured questionnaire. The study targeted a population of 1,128,693 households lifted from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (2015/2016). Fisher's formula was used in sample selection, where a sample of 384 respondents was selected. A multivariate regression model was used to analyze data. Inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data acquired in the research.
Findings: The findings revealed that devolved Social Safety funds significantly and positively influence household welfare in Kenya. Most beneficiaries under study, particularly the elderly recorded a greater improvement in their welfare.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Given the findings, it is recommended that the government of Kenya should increase the flow of these funds to target a larger proportion of the rural households. This will positively change the welfare of most vulnerable households, particularly in the rural areas.
Downloads
References
Akai, N., Nishimura, Y., & Sakata, M. (2004). Fiscal decentralization, economic growth and economic volatility-theory and evidence from state-level cross-section data for the United States. The Centre for International Trade Studies Discussion Paper Series, (03).
Andrews, C., Hsiao, A., & Ralston, L. (2018). Social safety nets promote poverty reduction, increase resilience, and expand opportunities. Realizing the Full Potential of Social Safety Nets in Africa, Washington, DC: World Bank, 87-138.
Bardhan, P., & Mookherjee, D. (1998). Expenditure decentralization and the delivery of public services in developing countries (No. 1554-2016- 132553).
Bartley, T., Andersson, K., Jagger, P., & Laerhoven, F. V. (2008). The contribution of institutional theories to explaining decentralization of natural resource governance. Society and Natural Resources, 21(2), 160-174.
Bastagli, F., Hagen-Zanker, J., Harman, L., Barca, V., Sturge, G., Schmidt, T., & Pellerano, L. (2016). Cash transfers: what does the evidence say.A rigorous review of programme impact and the role of design and implementation features. London: ODI, 1(7).
Beegle, K., Honorati, M., & Monsalve, E. (2018). Reaching the poor and vulnerable in Africa through social safety nets. In O. Araujo, J. Staveteig, & T. Wang (Eds.), The future of African cities: Challenges and priorities for urban development (pp. 173-194). Washington, DC: World Bank.
Berhane, G., Gilligan, D. O., Hoddinott, J., Kumar, N., & Taffesse, A. S. (2014). Can social protection work in Africa? The impact of Ethiopia's productive safety net programme. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 63(1), 1-26.
Blinder, A. S. (2008). Keynesian economics. The concise encyclopedia of economics, 2(008). Retrieved from https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/KeynesianEconomics.html
Davis, K. F., Gephart, J. A., Emery, K. A., Leach, A. M., Galloway, J. N., & D'Odorico, P. (2016). Meeting future food demand with current agricultural resources. Global Environmental Change, 39, 125-132.
Haushofer, J., & Shapiro, J. (2016). The short-term impact of unconditional cash transfers to the poor: experimental evidence from Kenya. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1973-2042.
Ikiara, G. (2009). Political Economy of Cash Transfers in Kenya: University of Nairobi. A Paper prepared for Overseas Development Institute London. Available at: https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/5749.pdf
Irungu, P., Ndirangu, L., & Omiti, J. (2009). Social protection and agricultural development in Kenya. Working Paper No. 5. Available at:
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=GB2012112440 (Accessed November 2022).
Keynes, J. M. (1937). The general theory of employment. The quarterly journal of economics, 51(2), 209-223.
Kibua, T. N., & Mwabu, G. M. (Eds.). (2008). Decentralization and devolution in Kenya: New approaches. TOWN University of Nairobi Press.
Kinuthia, J., & Lakin, J. (2016). Sharing Public Resources Within Counties in Kenya. InternationalBudget Partnership. Available at: https://www.internationalbudget.org/wp-content/uploads/ibp-kenya-paper-sharing-public-resources-within-counties-8-2016.pdf
Litvack, J., Ahmad, J., & Bird, R. (1998). Rethinking decentralization in developing countries. TOWN? The World Bank.
Makori, R. J., Aduda, J., & Ngacho, C. (2013). A performance evaluation framework for constituency development fund construction projects in Kenya. Africa Journal of Project Planning and Management, 3(1), 13-30.
Mapesa, B. M., & Kibua, T. N. (2006). An assessment of the management and utilisation of the constituency development fund in Kenya (No. 76-2006). Institute of Policy Analysis and Research.
Mills, B., Premand, P., & Stoeffler, Q. (2016). Poor Households' Productive Investments of Cash Transfers: Quasi-experimental Evidence from Niger. Policy Research Working Paper, 7839.
Musgrave, R. A. (1959). The theory of public finance; a study in public economy.
Oates, W. E. (1972). Fiscal federalism. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
Peterman, A., Neijhoft, A., Cook, S., & Palermo, T. M. (2017). Understanding the linkages between social safety nets and childhood violence: a review of the evidence from low-and middle-income countries. Health policy and planning, 32(7), 1049-1071
Republic of Kenya (2007). Economic Survey 2007-Kenya National Bureau of Statistics https://www.knbs.or.ke/download/economic-survey-2007-3/ (Accessed November 2022).
Republic of Kenya. (2016, October). Ministry of Devolution and Planning: Policy on Devolved System of Government. Ministry of Devolution and Planning. https://urbanlex.unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/urbanlex/policy_on_devolved_system_of_govt_final_as_launched_0.pdf (Accessed November 2022).
RodrÃguez-Pose, A., & Gill, N. (2004). Is there a global link between regional disparities and devolution? Environment and planning A, 36(12), 2097-2117.
Rosas, N., & Sabarwal, S. (2016). Public works as a productive safety net in a post-conflict setting: evidence from a randomized evaluation in Sierra Leone. The World Bank.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
Silas, M. P., Wawire, N. H., & Okelo, P. A. O. (2018). Effects of fiscal decentralization on poverty reduction in Kenya. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 6(1), 213-230.
Simiyu, R. S., Mweru, J. N., & Omete, F. I. (2014). The effects of devolved funding on socio-economic welfare of Kenyans: a case of constituency development fund in Kimilili, (Kenya). European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, 2(7), 31-51.
Song, S., & Imai, K. S. (2019). Does the hunger safety net programme reduce multidimensional poverty? Evidence from Kenya. Development Studies Research, 6(1), 47-61.
Tadlock, B. L., Tickamyer, A. R., White, J. A., Henderson, D. A., & Pearson-Nelson, B. J. (2005). Leadership In An Age Of Devolution: County Commissioners'role In The Implementation Of Appalachian Ohio's Welfare Reform.Public Administration Quarterly, 32-53.
Tselios, V., RodrÃguez-Pose, A., Pike, A., Tomaney, J., & Torrisi, G. (2011). Income inequality, decentralisation, and regional development in Western Europe. Regional Studies, 45(6), 797-811.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Annual Report 2018, https://www.undp.org/publications/undp-annual-report-2018
United Nations Report (2015), The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015, https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf (Accessed November 2022).
World Bank (2018). Kenya Economic Update 2018. Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/Africa/Kenya/kenya-economic-update-june-2013.pdf (Accessed November 2022).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Peter Misango Shibairo , Deus D. P. Ngaruko, Nelson H. Were Wawire
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.