INFLUENCE OF INSECURITY DYNAMICS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF EXAMINATIONS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN WEST POKOT COUNTY, KENYA
Keywords:
Examinations, Influence, Insecurity Dynamics, Management, Primary SchoolsAbstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was on the influence of insecurity dynamics on the management of examinations in public primary schools in West Pokot County.
Methodology: This study was guided by Securitization and School Management theories. The study embraced mixed methodology and the concurrent triangulation design. The total sample was 245 participants consisting of 216 primary school teachers, 24 head teachers, 2 QASOs, 2 BoM members and 1 County Director of Education Teachers were randomly sampled while QASO officers and BoM members were purposively sampled. Questionnaire with Likert scales were used for teachers and there were interview schedules for the County Education Officer, QASO officers, BoM members and a document analysis guide was developed. Quantitative data was analyzed in descriptive statistics and presented in tables, frequencies and percentages. Qualitative data was presented through thematic analysis.
Findings: The investigation established that insecurity in the study county hampered management of examinations. Due to insecurity, most schools spent lots of money and resources which could have been used to improve examination management. Schools reported premature closures and therefore postponement of examinations. Even the KCPE was done in harsh conditions, some pupils having to be transferred to other schools at the eleventh hour as their examination centers were unmanageable.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The securitization and school management theories were used to establish examination management in the schools. There was a warning that unless there is security in schools, examinations could not be properly managed. The study established that security management was insufficient. It was recommended that the government should put in place security measures to curb insecurity in the county and the local communities use peace talks. Further research was recommended on influence of insecurity in secondary schools and other institutions of higher learning.
Downloads
References
Brownell, M. & Pajares, F. (2009). Teacher efficacy and perceived success in mainstreaming students with learning and behavior problems. Teacher Education and Special Education, 22, pg. 154-164
County Education Office West Pokot (2015). West Pokot County www.westpokot.go.ke
Creswell, J. (2004). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall
Crisp, K. (2009). Introduction: The problem with ethnicity and tribal politics. In Christie K. (ed.) Ethnic conflict, tribal politics: A global perspective. London: Curzon Press. Great Britain
Essner, J. (2012) Terrorism's impact on Education; What the Institutions may learn from Egypt's struggle with al-Gama'a al -Islamiya.Security and Development (6) 88 pg. 850-868
Goodrich, J. (2012) September 11 2001 attack on America: A record of immediate impacts and reactions in the USA. Tourism management Volume 23, Issue 6 December 2002 pages 573-580.
Hall, H. & Sullivan G. (2006).Industrial and General Administration. Paris: Dunod. Freemont E. Kast and James E. Rosenzweig. (1985). Management: Systems and Contingency Approach. New York: McGraw Hill.
Hughes, R. Gleason, L.V., &Zang, R. (2005).The effect of school resources on student achievement. Review of Educational Research, 66, pg. 361-396.
Joppe, S. (2000). A primer in survey research. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 4, pg. 31-40.
Kerlinger, F. (1986). Foundations of Beahavioural Research 3rd edn Holt, Rinehard & Winstone
Kothari, S. (2004) Research Methodology and Techniques (4th Ed).New Delhi- India.Wannick Publications,
Kotter, J. and Heskett, J. (1992).Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: The free Press.
Kentli, F. (2009). "Comparison of Hidden Curriculum Theories". European
Mileti, D. (2009). Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States. Joseph Henry Press.
Mugenda, O. & Mugenda, A. (2008).Research Methods: Quantitative andQualitative Approaches. Nairobi, Kenya: Acton Press
Orodho, A. (2005). Elements of Education Social and Science Research Method. Nairobi: Masola Publishers.
Penny, J. (2008). "Does Teacher Training Affect Pupil Learning? Evidence from Matched Comparisons in Jerusalem Public Schools." Journal of Labor Economics 19(2): pg. 343-369.
Reichel, D. (2014). Building bridges between Science and Special Education. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 4(3) pg. 712-740
So'nmez, S. (2008). Education, terrorism and political instability. Annals of Education research.25, 2, pp. 416-56
UNESCO (2010), Out-Of-School Children: New Data Reveal Persistent Challenges. Uis Fact Sheet, June 2011, No. 12
Wahab, S. (2005).Terrorism: A challenge to Education. In B. Sahlberg, L.Nyberg, C.Almer (eds.) First global research on security and risk on education. Report 1995; 2 (pp. 84-108). Mid-Swedish University. Ostergund; Department of Education Studies.
Westwood, E. & Graham, K. (2008). The attitudes and behaviors of the teachers towards the students they perceived as unsuccessful. Journal of Turkish Educational Sciences, 5(1), pg. 135-154
Zayton, J. (2004), Introduction to Research Methodology and Technique. Melbourne, Australia Masah Publishers Ltd
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
