Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection among Blood Donors in Kenyan Coastal Region

Authors

  • Alice June Akoth Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
  • Dr. Suleiman Mzee Technical University of Mombasa
  • Prof. G. M. Kikuvi Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
  • Mary Kerich Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
  • Dr. Margret Oduor Director, Kenya National Blood Transfusion Service

Keywords:

Prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Co-Infection, blood donors

Abstract

Purpose: Prospective studies on blood transfusion has shown that transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) has heralded a new era in blood transfusion practices worldwide. The blood transfusion practice emphasizes on two fundamental objectives: 1.) safety and 2.) Protection of human life. Infection with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious global public health problem. In Africa and Asia, they remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, a great concern in safety of blood and blood transfusion practices.

Methodology: We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, county, level of education and occupation with a wide range of updated and standardized analytical procedures. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Prevalence and incidence by cause and sequelae were determined through descriptive analysis, cause-effect and significance of relations through MANOVA, X2 and t-test, alternative modelling strategies for disease burden were determined from other data source. This study determined the prevalence of HIV, HBV, HIV-HBV Co-infection and factors associated with HIV- HBV co-infections among blood donors in Coastal region, Kenya. Four hundred and twenty respondents participated in the study. Donors were divided into six age groups, and age range was from 15 to 64 years, of which 71% (298) were male and 29% (122) female.

 

Results: The study showed prevalence of 3.1% and 1.43% for HBV and HIV respectively among the blood donors.

Policy recommendation: A targeted awareness and education for males on HIV, HBV prevention should be protracted to increase blood safety. Promoting the culture of voluntary donors, recruitment of female blood donors and proper testing of donor's blood by using standard methods are recommended.

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Author Biographies

Alice June Akoth, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

post graduate student

Dr. Suleiman Mzee, Technical University of Mombasa

Seniour Lecturer

Prof. G. M. Kikuvi, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

Professor, Department of Public and Community Health

Mary Kerich, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

Seniour Lecturer

Dr. Margret Oduor, Director, Kenya National Blood Transfusion Service

Director, Kenya National Blood Transfusion Service

References

World Health Organization (WHO) (2013): Hepatitis B. Fact sheet Number 204.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) Guidelines for the Prevention, Care and Treatment of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B infection.

Gicheru, M. M., Muriuki, B. M., Wachira, D., Nyamache, A. K., & Khamadi, S. A. (2013). Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viral Co-Infections among HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Nairobi, Kenya.

Matthews, P. C., Geretti, A. M., Goulder, P. J., & Klenerman, P. (2014). Epidemiology and impact of HIV coinfection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of clinical virology, 61(1), 20-33.

Inoue, T., & Tanaka, Y. (2016). Hepatitis B virus and its sexually transmitted infection-an update. Microbial Cell, 3(9), 419-436.

Pozen A. Contamination of the blood supply in the 1980s and 1990s (2003) Ann Intern Med. 2003 Jan 7;138(1):78-9.

Palella FJ, Jr., Baker RK, Moorman AC, Chmiel JS, Wood KC, Brooks JT, (2006): Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006; 43(1):27-34. [DOI] [PubMed]

CDC HIV Statistics (2003) www.cdc.gov/hiv/stats.htm#exposure (accessed March 23, 2003)

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Published

2016-12-02

How to Cite

Akoth, A. J., Mzee, D. S., Kikuvi, P. . G. M., Kerich, M., & Oduor, D. M. (2016). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection among Blood Donors in Kenyan Coastal Region. Global Journal of Health Sciences, 1(2), 27–42. Retrieved from https://iprjb.org/journals/index.php/GJHS/article/view/200

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