ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47604/ija.1050Keywords:
Phosphate rock, Adenta, Nzema, Paleustalf, Relative Agronomic Effectiveness, Organic acidsAbstract
Purpose: In recent years, phosphate rock (PR) for direct application has been tested in tropical acid soils as a potential alternative to conventional water-soluble P fertilizers like Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP). However, direct application of PR with low reactivity does not always give satisfactory results. Legume and cereal crops represent a strategy that can be used to solubilize P from some of these unreactive PRs. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of P from unreactive Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR) relative to TSP by six (6) crop species in two Ghanaian soils.
Methodology: The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana. Three P rates, 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TPR and TSP were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in the two soil series. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to do the analyses.
Results/Findings: Application of TSP resulted in higher dry matter and P uptake irrespective of the soil type. Among the legumes, cowpea gave the highest dry matter yield. Fairly, a similar trend was obtained with the application of TPR. Among the cereals, the average P uptake by sorghum from TPR was the highest, followed by maize and millet in the Nzema soil. In the Adenta series, P uptake by maize was the highest, followed by sorghum and millet. Phosphorus (P) uptake by the cereals from TPR was generally better in the Adenta than the Nzema soil.
Unique contribution to theories, practice and policy: Results show increasing the rate of TPR to 100mg P/pot resulted in an increase in dry matter yield and P uptake in both soils, but was inferior to 100mg P/pot TSP application. Consequently, the rate of application of TPR should always be high if farmers want the best from their investments. Again, the low relative agronomic effectiveness of TPR for all the crops, proved the low reactivity of the material and its subsequent low performance compared with the water-soluble P. The low reactivity and the high molar mass of PO43-/CO32- of the TPR will always make it difficult for P to be made available from the TPR despite the acidity of the soil, the high density of the crops and the ability of the tested crops to exude organic acids, which facilitate phosphorus availability from TPR, therefore making TPR unsuitable for direct application.
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References
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Chien, S. H. (2003). IFDC's evaluation of modified phosphate rock products. In Proceedings of international meeting on direct application of phosphate rock and related technology: latest developments and practical experiences. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Society of Soil Science, and Muscle Shoals, USA, IFDC.
Chien, S. H., Singh, U., Van Reuler, H., & Hellums, D. T. (1999). Phosphate rock decision support systems for sub-Saharan Africa. Special issue on Soil Fertility. Afr. Fert. Mark, 12: 15-22
Chien, S. H., Sale, P. W. G., & Friesen, D. K. (1990a). A discussion of the methods for comparing the relative effectiveness of phosphate fertilizers varying in solubility. Fert. Res., 24: 149-157.
Chien, S. H., & Menon, R. G. (1995). Factors affecting the agronomic effectiveness of phosphate rock for direct application. Fert. Res., 41:227-234
Coleman, N. T., Weed, S. B., & Cracken, R. J. (1959). Cation exchange capacity and exchange cations in pledmont soils of North Carolina. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 23: 146-149
Compaore, E., Fardeau, J. C., & Morel, J. L. (2011). Greenhouse Evaluation of Agronomic Effectiveness of Unacidulated and Partially Acidulated Phosphate Rock from Kodjari and the Effect of Mixed Crop on Plant P Nutrition. Pp 591-596
Dakora F. D., & Philips D. (2002). Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition low nutrient soils. Plant Soil, 245: 35-47.
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Diata, A. (2014). Impact of rock phosphate enriched compost (RP-EC) and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) on nodulation, growth and yield of chickpea and lentil. PhD thesis, University Of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
Fox, R. L., Saunders, W. M. H., & Rajan, S. S. S. (1986). Phosphorus nutrition of pasture species: phosphorus requirement and root saturation values. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50: 142-148.
Gerke, J (1992) Phosphate, aluminium and iron in the soil solution of three different soils in relation to varying concentration of citric acid. Z Pflanzenernahr Bodenk 155:339-343
Gerner, H., & Baanante, C. A. (1995) Economic aspect of phosphate rock application for sustainable agriculture in West Africa. In: Gerner, H. Mokwunye, A.U. (eds) Use of Phosphate Rock for Sustainable Agriculture in West Africa. IFDC, Miscellaneous Fertilizer Studies No. 11, pp. 134-141.
Giller, K. E. (2001) Nitrogen fixation in tropical cropping system, 2nd edition. CABI International, Willingford, U.K. Pp 88, 254-257.
Habib, L., Chien, S. H., Carmona, G., & Henao, J. (1999). Rape response to a Syrian phosphate rock and its mixture with triple superphosphate on a limed alkaline soil. Com. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 30: 449-456.
Hammond, L. L., Chien, S. H., & Mokwunye, A. U. (1986b). Agronomic value of unacidulated and partially acidulated phosphate rocks indigenous to the tropics. Adv. Agron., 40: 89-140.
Haynes, R. J. (1992). Relative ability of a range of crop species to use phosphate rock and monocalcium phosphate as P sources when grown in soil. J. Sci. Food Agric., 74: 1-7.
Hinsinger, P. (1998). How do plant roots acquire mineral nutrients? Adv. Agron., 64: 225-265.
Hinsinger, P., & Gilkes, R. J. (1995). Root-induced dissolution of phosphate rock in the rhizosphere of lupins grown in alkaline soil. Aus. J. Soil. Res., 33: 477-489
Hoffland, E. (1992). Quantitative evaluation of the role of organic acid exudation in the mobilization of rock phosphate by rape. Plant Soil, 140: 279-289
Horst W. J., & Waschkies, C. (1987). Phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat in mixed culture with white lupin. Z. Plaenz. Bodenk., 150: 1-8.
Horst, W. J., Kamh M., Jibrin, J. M., & Chude, V. O (2001) Agronomic measures for increasing P availability to crops. Plant Soil 237:211-223
Hungaria, M., & Vargas, M. A. T. (2000) Environmental factors affecting N2-fixation in grain Legumes in the tropics with emphasis on Brazil. Field Crops Research. 65: 151-164. International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), (1984). Circular IFDC -
Jemo, M., Abaidoo, R. C., Nolte, C., Tchienkoua, M., Sanginga, N., & Horst, W. J., (2006). Phosphorus benefits from grain-legume crops to subsequent maize grown on acid soils of Southern Cameroon. Plant Soil 284: 385-397
Jones, M. J., & Wild .A. (1957). Soils of the West Africa Savanna. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. Farnham Royal, Slough. First Edition. pp246
Jones, D. L. (1998). Organic acids in the rhizosphere - a critical review. Plant Soil, 205: 25-44.
Kamh, M., Horst, W. J., Amer, F., Mostafa, H., & Maier, P. (1999). Mobilization of soil and fertilizer phosphate by cover crops. Plant Soil, 211: 19-27.
Kania, A., Langlade N, Martinoia, E., & Neumann, G. (2003). Phosphorus deficiency-induced modifications in citrate catabolism and in cystosolic pH as related to citrate exudation in cluster roots of white lupin. Plant Soil 248:117-127.
Khasawneh, F. E., & Doll, E. C. (1978). The use of phosphate rock for direct application to soils. Adv. Agron., 30: 159-206
Krasilnikoff, G., Gahoonia, T., & Nielsen, N. E. (2003). Variation in phosphorus uptake efficiency genotypes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) due to differences in root and root hair length and induce rhizosphere processes. Plant Soil 251:83-91
Kuyvenhoven, A., & Lanser, P. (1999). Economic criteria for public investment in phosphate rock application for soil fertility improvement with emphasis on Sahelian countries. African Fertilizer Market 12, 4-22.
Lompo, F., Sedogo, M.P. & Hien, V. (1995). Agronomic impact of Burkina phosphate and dolomite limestone. In H. Gerner & A.U. Mokwunye, eds. Use of phosphate rock for sustainable agriculture in West Africa, pp. 54-66. Miscellaneous Fertilizer Studies No. 11. Muscle Shoals, USA, IFDC Africa.
Manickam, T.S. (1993). Organics in soil fertility and productivity management. In P.K. Thampan, ed. Organics in soil health and crop production, pp. 87-104. Cochin, India, Peekay Tree Crops Developments Foundation
Marschner, H. (1993). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. London, Academic Press Ltd., Harcourt Brace & Co. Publishers.
Mokwunye, A. U., Chien, S. H., & Rhodes, E. (1986). Phosphate reactions with tropical African soils. In: management of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers in Sub Sahara Africa. Mokyunye, A. U. and Vlek Paul. L. G. (eds) Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Pp 253-281
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2020-03-09
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Boateng, A., & Bennoah, P. E. O.-. (2020). ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS. International Journal of Agriculture, 5(1), 1 – 24. https://doi.org/10.47604/ija.1050
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