INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS IN KENYA
Keywords:
Age, education, experience, entrepreneurial success.Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to assess the influence of age, education and business experience on entrepreneur success in Kenya.
Methodology: The study applied a descriptive research design. The researcher used both structured questionnaire that was designed for the entrepreneurs and interview schedules that were designed for SME managers/owners. The analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0) computer software.
Results: The findings indicate that the age and education level of entrepreneurs influence their success while the influence of their experience before the start of business contributes little to their success.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study recommended the revision of Kenya's educational curriculum to incorporate entrepreneurship skills at all levels of education.
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References
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Kristiansen, S. (2004). Social networks and business success: The role of subcultures in an African context. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 63, 1149- 1171.
Manolova, T. S., Brush, C. G., Edelman, L. F., & Shaver, K. G. (2012). One size does not fit all: Entrepreneurial expectancies and growth intentions of US women and men nascent entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1-2), 7.
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McClelland, D. C. (1961). The Achieving Society. N. J.: Van Nostrand.
McClelland, D. (1987). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. Journal of
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Reynolds, P. D. (2000). "˜National panel study of US business start-ups, Background and Methodology'. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 4.
Robichaud, Y., & Roger, A. (2001). Toward the development of a
measuring instrument for entrepreneurial motivation. Journal of
Developmental Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 189-202.
Ropega, J. (2011). The reasons and symptoms of failure in SME. International
Advanced Economic Research, 17, 476-483.
Rosa, M., & Peters, B. (2003). Hardly likely to make the Japanese tremble. International Small Business Journal, 21(4), 435-459
Sinha, T. N. (1996). Human Factors in Entrepreneurship Effectiveness. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135579600500102
Ucbasaran, D., Wright, M., & Westhead, P. (2003). A longitudinal study of habitual
entrepreneurs: Starters and acquirers. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 15(3), 207-228.
Valerio, A., Parton, B., & Robb, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship education and training program around world. New York: Sage Journals.
Vroom, V. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley.
Westhead, P., Ucbasaran, D., & Wright, M. (2009). Information
search and opportunity identification: The importance of prior business ownership experience. International Small Business Journal, 27(6), 659-680
World Economic Forum. (2009). The Global Gender Gap Report 2009.
Zhao, Y. (2012).Linking innovation and creativity. Retrieved from
http://www.studentachievement.org/wp-content/uploads/Innovation-and- creativity.pdf
Alsos, G. A., & L. Kolvereid. (1998). The business gestation process of novice, serial, and parallel business founders. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 101-114.
Brush, C. G., & Brush, C. G. (2006). Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs and Their Businesses: A Global Research Perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Chu, H., Benzing, C., & McGee, C. (2007). Ghanaian and Kenyan entrepreneurs: A
comparative analysis of their motivations, success characteristics and problems. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 12(3), 295-322.
Donna, J. K., Slavica, M., Singer & Michael, D. H. (2011). The global entrepreneurship monitor: 2011 global report. NewYork: Sage.
ILO, (1978). Employment, Income and Equity in Kenya: a strategy for increasing productive employment in Kenya. Rerieved from http://staging.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1972/72B09_608_engl.pdf
Gustafson, D. H., Sainfort, F., Eichler, M., Adams, L., Bisognano, M., & Steudel, H. (2003). Developing and testing a model to predict outcomes of organizational change. Health services research, 38(2), 751-776.
Jasra, J. M., Khan, M. A., Hunjra, A. I., Rehman, R. & Azam, R. (2011). Determinants of business success of small and medium enterprises. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(20), 274-280.
Karlan, D., & Valdivia, M. (2011). Teaching entrepreneurship: Impact of
Business on microfinance client and institutions. Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(2), 510-527.
Klapper, L., Amit, R., Guillen, F., & Quesada, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurship
And firm formation across countries in international differences in entrepreneurship. Dallas: University of Chicago Press.
Kolvereid, L. (1996). Organizational employment versus self-employment: reasons for career choice intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice.`
Kuratko, D. F., Hornsby, J. S., & Naffziger, D. W. (1997). An examination of
Owners' goals in sustaining entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(1), 24-33.
Kristiansen, S. (2004). Social networks and business success: The role of subcultures in an African context. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 63, 1149- 1171.
Manolova, T. S., Brush, C. G., Edelman, L. F., & Shaver, K. G. (2012). One size does not fit all: Entrepreneurial expectancies and growth intentions of US women and men nascent entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(1-2), 7.
Mazzarol, T., T. Volery, N. Doss, & V. Thein. (1999). Factors influencing small business start-ups. Internal Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 5(2), 48-63.
McClelland, D. C. (1961). The Achieving Society. N. J.: Van Nostrand.
McClelland, D. (1987). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. Journal of
Creative Behavior, 21(3), 219-233.
Nerkar, A., & Roberts, P. W. (2004). Technological and product-market experience and the success of new product introductions in the pharmaceutical industry. Strategic Management Journal, 25(8-9), 779-799. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.417
Reynolds, P. D. (2000). "˜National panel study of US business start-ups, Background and Methodology'. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 4.
Robichaud, Y., & Roger, A. (2001). Toward the development of a
measuring instrument for entrepreneurial motivation. Journal of
Developmental Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 189-202.
Ropega, J. (2011). The reasons and symptoms of failure in SME. International
Advanced Economic Research, 17, 476-483.
Rosa, M., & Peters, B. (2003). Hardly likely to make the Japanese tremble. International Small Business Journal, 21(4), 435-459
Sinha, T. N. (1996). Human Factors in Entrepreneurship Effectiveness. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135579600500102
Ucbasaran, D., Wright, M., & Westhead, P. (2003). A longitudinal study of habitual
entrepreneurs: Starters and acquirers. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 15(3), 207-228.
Valerio, A., Parton, B., & Robb, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship education and training program around world. New York: Sage Journals.
Vroom, V. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley.
Westhead, P., Ucbasaran, D., & Wright, M. (2009). Information
search and opportunity identification: The importance of prior business ownership experience. International Small Business Journal, 27(6), 659-680
World Economic Forum. (2009). The Global Gender Gap Report 2009.
Zhao, Y. (2012).Linking innovation and creativity. Retrieved from
http://www.studentachievement.org/wp-content/uploads/Innovation-and- creativity.pdf
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Published
2017-12-07
How to Cite
Karogo, M. G., Nyaboga, A., Marwa, M., & Waiguchu, M. (2017). INFLUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL SUCCESS IN KENYA. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management, 2(3), 48–67. Retrieved from https://iprjb.org/journals/index.php/IJEPM/article/view/547
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